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- Category: A Healthy. House
- Category: A HOUSE
- Types of heat generation in Ukraine in 2016 and their cost
- STEP 4 PREPARE FOR THE WORST
- STEP 3 GET TO KNOW ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
- Wood and plastic laminate floorings are very durable
- STEP 2 SELECT AND INSTALL THE FINISH FLOORING
- Install the interior-door hardware
- DETAILS
- Add smaller shelves to a closet
- FITTING BASEBOARD IN IMPERFECT CORNERS
- ATTACHING A COUNTERTOP TO A. BASE CABINET
- Install the wall cabinets
- Install the base cabinets in kitchens and baths
- Nail the casing to the jambs
- Measure and cut the casing
- STEP 3 INSTALL THE WINDOW AND DOOR CASINGS
- CROSS-SIGHTING A JAMB
- MAKING A HOUSE BEAUTIFUL
- Do the prep work for exterior finishes
- STEP 8 PAINT THE EXTERIOR SIDING AND TRIM
- Fill holes and gaps
- STEP 7 PREPARE AND PAINT THE INTERIOR TRIM
- Cut in around the edges
- CHOOSING AND CARING FOR BRUSHES
- TYPES OF PAINT
- Apply the second and third coats
- Do the prep work
- AND FINISH THE DRYWALL
- MAKING A DRYWALL-PANEL LIFTER
- Fasten according to code
- Dimples are essential
- ORDERING DRYWALL AND ASSOCIATED SUPPLIES
- STEP 2 INSTALL THE CEILING PANELS
- SIZES AND TYPES OF DRYWALL
- WITHIN
- ENERGY-SAVING TIPS
- A WHOLE-HOUSE EXHAUST FAN
- WORKING WITH FIBERGLASS INSULATION
- Allow for ventilation space when insulating attics and ceilings
- RIGID-FOAM INSULATION
- STEP 2 INSULATE THE WALLS, CEILINGS, AND FLOORS
- CHOOSING CAULKS AND SEALANTS
- CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR INSULATION
- STEP 1 SEAL PENETRATIONS IN THE WALLS, CEILINGS, AND FLOORS
- Sweaters, Windbreakers, and Rain Gear
- INSIDE
- CHAMFERING A POST
- Begin with the posts
- . HOW TO BUILD SAFE RAILINGS THAT WILL MEET CODE
- STEP 5 INSTALL THE DECKING AND STAIR TREADS. the ready supply of redwood decking has disappeared along with the big trees. Cedar decking is available in some areas, but at a premium price. More and more people are using plastic decking material or deck boards that are a combination of wood chips or sawdust and recycled plastic. Although the up-front cost of this high - tech decking is greater than that of PT wood, the new materials don’t warp, crack, or require regular finishing treatments to maintain an attractive appearance. They are worth considering
- Install the stringers and treads
- Lay out and cut the stringers
- STEP 4 FRAME THE STAIRS
- STEP 2 INSTALL THE LEDGER
- STEP 1 COMPLETE THE ESSENTIAL ROOF FRAMING
- ROOM
- GUTTERS AND GUTTER GUARDS
- TURNING CORNERS IS TRICKY WORK
- STEP 7 FINISH THE SOFFITS
- Installing the top piece of eave-wall siding
- MAKING AN OUTLET-BOX CUTOUT
- Installing panels around windows, doors, outlets, and vents
- STEP 6 INSTALL THE SIDING PANELS
- TOOLS FOR VINYL SIDING
- Starter strips
- STEP 5 INSTALL THE STARTER STRIPS AND THE TRIM FOR VINYL SIDING
- STEP 4 COMPLETE VENTILATION AND ELECTRICAL WORK
- MORE SIDING OPTIONS
- STEP 3 SET THE WINDOWS AND DOORS
- STEP 2 INSTALL THE HOUSEWRAP AND FLASH OPENINGS
- HOW TO ORDER VINYL SIDING
- STEP 1 INSTALL THE REMAINING SHEATHING AND THE ROUGH EXTERIOR TRIM
- FIBER-CEMENT SIDING
- Vinyl Siding
- CLOSING IN
- Install ridge shingles and the ridge vent
- Install step flashing at roof - wall intersections
- Shingling across a valley
- HOISTING MATERIALS TO THE ROOF
- VERTICAL LAYOUT FOR ROOF SHINGLES
- ESTIMATES FOR A ROOF
- Seal twice around vents
- STEP 8 SEAL THE ROOF WITH FELT PAPER
- STEP 7 SHEATHE THE ROOF
- A JIG FOR MARKING PLUMB CUTS IN RAFTERS
- MAKE THE ATTIC ACCESSIBLE
- STEP 6 INSTALL THE BARGE RAFTERS AND THE FASCIA BOARDS
- STEP 5 ADD DRYWALL BACKING
- STEP 4 SECURE THE TRUSSES TO THE INTERIOR WALLS
- Plumb and brace the trusses
- INSTALLING FRIEZE BLOCKS BETWEEN. RAFTERS AND TRUSSES
- WORK SAFELY ON A ROOF
- . . Spreading the trusses
- CREATING EXTERIOR SOFFITS
- COMMON TRUSSES FOR GABLED ROOFS
- SHELTER
- Install foam sheathing
- STEP 9 SHEATHE THE WALLS
- STEP 8 INSTALL AND PLUMB DOOR AND WINDOW TRIMMERS
- MAKING A PLUMB STICK
- Plumb the exterior walls first
- Raise exterior butt walls next
- Raise exterior through walls first
- STEP 6 RAISE THE WALLS
- Nail on the double top plate
- BUILDING CORNERS AND CHANNELS
- Begin with door and window assemblies
- NAILING TOGETHER THE WINDOW FRAME ASSEMBLIES
- BLOCKING IN BATHROOMS AND CLOSETS
- STEP 4 MARK THE PLATES
- WALL FRAMING ANATOMY
- MAKING A STORY POLE
- ALL ABOUT HEADERS
- CARRYING LUMBER
- STEP 2 PLATE THE WALLS
- Mark exterior walls first
- STEP 1 LAY OUT THE WALLS
- GOING UP
- FITTING SHEATHING
- LOCATING CUTOUTS IN SHEATHING
- MAKING A BLOCK-CUTTING TOOL
- CUTTING SQUARE WITHOUT A SQUARE
- I-JOIST CUTTING GUIDE
- TOENAILING BASICS
- STEP 5 BUILD MIDSPAN SUPPORT FOR JOISTS
- Locate and drill bolt holes
- Determine the sill’s position
- Foundation wall insulation
- STEP 3 BACKFILL AROUND THE FOUNDATION
- Pads are poured
- CHOOSING A FOUNDATION
- VENTING A CRAWL-SPACE FOUNDATION—OR NOT
- SQUARE
- DEALING WITH SUPPLIERS AND SCHEDULING DELIVERIES
- PRESSURE-TREATED LUMBER
- USING DRILLS
- Reciprocating saws
- . AVOIDING KICKBACK
- Power Tools
- WORKING SAFELY ON A CONSTRUCTION SITE
- Cat’s paws and flat bars
- Essential Hand Tools
- BASICS
- STEP 4 SECURE THE BUILDING PERMITS
- Small doesn’t mean boring
- SITING A HOUSE
- STEP 3 DESIGN THE HOUSE
- HIRING A CONTRACTOR
- STARTED
- A HOUSE
- Category: Baths
- Category: Bidets
- Category: CARPENTRY
- Category: Cleaning of drains
- Category: Construction
- Category: Fitting
- Category: Framing
- Category: Habitat for Humanity International
- Did You Know
- STEP3 Get to Know Electrical and Mechanical Systems
- Wood and plastic laminate floorings are very durable
- Know the pros and cons of carpeting
- Install the interior-door hardware
- Choose and install exterior-door locksets and deadbolts
- From Locks to Smoke Detectors
- Chair rail adds character
- Techniques FITTING BASEBOARD IN IMPERFECT CORNERS
- INSTALLING BASEBOARD ON THE WALLS. ABOVE CARPETED AND VINYL FLOORS
- Install the baseboard trim
- Techniaues CUTTING A COPED JOINT
- STEPS Install the Countertops
- Install the base cabinets in kitchens and baths
- Colorful Character for a Colorful Home
- STEP3 Install the Window and Door Casings
- Install attic stairs
- SETTING A PREHUNG DOOR
- Techniques CROSS-SIGHTING A JAMB
- STEP2 Install the Interior Doors
- Interior Trim, Cabinets, Countertops, and Clost
- Choose an exterior finish
- Fill holes and gaps
- Cut in around the edges
- Paint prep is the key to a good paint job
- Apply the second and third coats
- INSTALLING J-CHANNEL AROUND WINDOWS
- STEP 4 Install the Corner Bead
- Plan panel installation
- USING DRYWALL CLIPS TO SECURE. THE ENDS OF DRYWALL SHEETS
- Use a drywall router to save time
- Learning from Your Fellow Volunteers
- STEP 2 Install the Ceiling Panels
- Ordering Drywall and Associated Supplies
- Materials SIZES AND TYPES OF DRYWALL
- Dry wall and Painting
- Energy-Saving Tips
- Meeting My Role Model on a Habitat Build
- KEEPING COLD AIR FROM ENTERING. AT THE RIM JOISTS
- Insulating between floor joists in crawl spaces
- Safety on the Job WORKING WITH FIBERGLASS INSULATION
- Insulating walls and ceilings with fiberglass batts
- Materials RIGID-FOAM INSULATION
- Materials CHOOSING CAULKS AND SEALANTS
- STEP 1 Seal Penetrations in the Walls, Ceilings, and Floors
- Sealing, Insulating, and Ventilating a House
- Begin with the posts
- STEP 6 Install the Railings
- STEP5 Install the Decking and Stair Treads
- Install the stringers and treads
- Techniques LEARNING THE VOCABULARY OF STAIRS
- STEP 3 Install the Foundation and Floor Framing
- Making It Happen
- Flash the ledger
- POST-AND-BEAM SUPPORT FOR A PORCH ROOF
- Basic Design for Porches, Decks, and Landings
- Techniques TURNING CORNERS IS TRICKY WORK
- SOFFIT AND SIDING DETAILS
- Installing the top piece of eave-wall siding
- Techniques MAKING AN OUTLET-BOX CUTOUT
- STEP6 Install the Siding Panels
- . Corner trim, J-channel, and undersill trim
- Tool Talk TOOLS FOR VINYL SIDING
- Fiber-Cement Siding
- STEP4 Complete Ventilation and Electrical Work
- STEP3 Set the Windows and Doors
- Simple flashing details
- STEP2 Install the Housewrap and Flash Openings
- Habitat Helps New Homeowners Continue Learning
- Materials HOW TO ORDER VINYL SIDING
- Materials MORE SIDING OPTIONS
- Windows, Doors, Siding, and Exterior Trim
- Install ridge shingles and the ridge vent
- Shingling across a valley
- Techniques HOISTING MATERIALS TO THE ROOF
- The Right Vertical Layout for Roof Shingles
- Materials ESTIMATES FOR A ROOF
- STEP 9 Shingle the Roof
- STEP 8 Seal the Roof with Felt Paper
- Techniques MAKING A PLATFORM FOR ROOF SHEATHING
- A JIG FOR MARKING PLUMB CUTS IN RAFTERS
- Make the Attic Accessible
- STEP4 Secure the Trusses to the Interior Walls
- Hurricane clips and frieze blocks
- STEP2 Install the Gable Truss
- Mark truss locations
- Habitat Houses—Built to Take a Licking
- Materials METAL ROOFS
- A Roof Overhead
- Techniques SHEATHING A WALL
- STEP 8 Install and Plumb Door and Window Trimmers
- To get top plates straight
- Tool Talk MAKING A PLUMB STICK
- Techniques LOCKING WALLS TOGETHER
- FRAMING A PLATFORM FOR A FORCED-AIR HEATING UNIT
- Raise exterior butt walls next
- STEP 6 Raise the Walls
- Brace the walls
- Nail on the double top plate
- Techniaues BUILDING CORNERS AND CHANNELS
- Happiness Is My Own Bedroom
- STEP5 Build the Walls
- Safety on the Job MAKING A LAYOUT STICK
- Techniques BLOCKING IN BATHROOMS AND CLOSETS
- Use special markings to help other tradespeople
- STEP4 Mark the Plates
- Determine dimensions for stud length and header height
- All About Headers
- Techniques CARRYING LUMBER
- WAYS TO PLATE WALLS
- Mark exterior walls first
- . FROM PLANS TO PLATES
- Ace
- Techniques FITTING SHEATHING
- Tool Talk MAKING A BLOCK-CUTTING TOOL
- Techniques CUTTING SQUARE WITHOUT A SQUARE
- Habitat Builds Barrier-Free Homes
- Nail rim joists first
- Safety on the Job PNEUMATIC NAILERS
- Techniques TOENAILING BASICS
- STEP5 Build Midspan Support for Joists
- MAKING A BOLT-HOLE MARKER
- Techniques ADJUSTING THE MUDSILL TO FIX FOUNDATION WALLS
- STEP4 Attach the Sills
- Foundation wall insulation
- Techniques TERMITE CONTROL
- Materials BUILDING WALLS WITH INSULATED CONCRETE FORMS
- Techniques ENSURING PROPER DRAINAGE
- Choosing a Foundation
- Techniques VENTING A CRAWL-SPACE FOUNDATION—OR NOT
- Going Beyond the Call of Duty
- The Parts of a House
- Safely on the Job USING DRILLS
- Techniques MAKING A PLUNGE CUT
- Safety on the Job WORKING SAFELY ON A CONSTRUCTION SITE
- Techniques USING A HAMMER
- Techniques READING A TAPE MEASURE
- Try before you buy
- The Parts of a House
- Getting Acquainted with Tools and
- BUILDING BASICS
- Sharing a Vision
- If you can draw it, you can build it
- Techniques READING FLOOR PLANS
- STEP 4 Secure the Building Permits
- Design for the future
- Provide a fence for safety and security
- Techniques HIRING A CONTRACTOR
- STEP 1 Obtain a Site
- Habitat for Humanity International
- Category: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
- EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL VE HIGHWAY STUDIES
- METHODS OF CALCULATION
- CATEGORIES OF COSTS
- Design Life
- CONSIDERATIONS IN LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
- COST MODEL
- Diagramming Techniques
- Steps in Construction of FAST Diagrams
- Guidelines for FAST Diagrams
- FAST DIAGRAMMING AND THE JOB PLAN
- Post-Workshop Stage
- Presentation Phase
- Development Phase
- Evaluation Phase
- Creativity Phase
- Information Phase
- VALUE ENGINEERING JOB PLAN DETAIL
- VALUE ENGINEERING JOB PLAN CONCEPT
- Value Engineering Change Proposals
- Team Structure
- Study Selection and Scheduling
- Benefits of a VE Program
- AASHTO ROLE IN VALUE ENGINEERING
- FHWA VE Policy Guide
- Steps in VE Review Process
- FHWA ROLE IN VALUE ENGINEERING
- VALUE ENGINEERING AND. LIFE CYCLE COST
- CONSTRUCTION
- FOUNDATION DESIGN
- Load Combinations
- STRUCTURAL DESIGN
- PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STEPS
- MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS
- SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
- AESTHETICS
- NOISE BARRIER SELECTION
- TYPES OF NOISE BARRIERS
- ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS AND DESIGN
- ACOUSTICAL CONCEPTS
- NOISE BARRIERS
- PREFABRICATED MODULAR WALLS
- Global Stability
- Soil Nailed Wall Facing Design Procedure
- Construction Considerations for Soil Nailed Walls
- Design of Soil Nailed Retaining Structures
- Wall Drainage Systems
- Comparison with MSE Walls
- Suitable Soils
- SOIL NAILED STRUCTURES
- Anchor Design
- General Design Procedures for Anchored Walls
- Structure Dimensions and External Stability
- Earth Pressure and Surcharge Loadings
- ANCHORED WALL DESIGN
- Overall Stability
- Structure Dimensions and External Stability
- Water Pressure and Drainage
- NONGRAVITY CANTILEVERED WALL DESIGN
- Estimating Maximum Reinforcement Load Using the ^-Stiffness Method
- Kjj-Stiffness Method—A Unified Method for Both Metallic and Polymeric Reinforced Soil Walls
- Design Example of MSE Retaining Wall with Steel Reinforcement
- Durability Considerations for MSE Walls with Polymeric Reinforcement
- Durability Considerations for MSE Walls with Metal Reinforcement
- Superimposed versus Terraced Structures
- Design Methodology for MSE Walls
- Reinforced Fill Materials
- Structure Dimensions
- Facing Systems
- MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALLS
- Design Procedures for a Cantilever Retaining Wall
- Overall Stability on Weak Soils
- Sliding Stability
- RIGID RETAINING WALLS
- Engineering Properties of Soils
- Bedrock
- Soils Analysis
- FOUNDATION INVESTIGATIONS AND SOILS ANALYSIS
- Example of Active Pressure Calculations
- Earth Pressure Calculations
- States of Earth Pressure
- EARTH PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS AND DETERMINATION
- Evaluation Factors
- EARTH RETAINING WALL CLASSIFICATION
- RETAINING WALLS
- IMPACT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
- Routine versus Demand Maintenance
- MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS
- ACCEPTANCE TESTS
- High Mast Power Connection
- CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS
- BASES
- FOUNDATIONS
- ELECTRICAL HAZARD
- POLE TYPES
- Location of Poles
- ROADSIDE SAFETY
- HIGH MAST LIGHTING
- TYPES OF LUMINAIRES
- ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO LIGHTING WARRANTS [3]
- Warrants for Tunnel Lighting
- TUNNEL LIGHTING
- Lighting Design Values
- STREETS AND HIGHWAYS OTHER THAN FREEWAYS
- Special Conditions That Warrant Lighting [3]
- Warranting Conditions for Complete Interchange Lighting
- FREEWAY LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS
- Pedestrian Conflict Area Classifications
- FACILITY AND AREA CLASSIFICATIONS
- Computer Programs
- Warranting Conditions
- Visibility: Luminance, Illuminance, and STV
- SIGNING AND ROADWAY LIGHTING
- Sign-Support Straightening
- Patching Holes and Punctures
- Sign Cleaning
- Repair and Replacement of Sign Panels
- Techniques to Reduce Vandalism
- SIGN VANDALISM PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES
- GUIDELINES FOR MULTIPLE - SIGN-SUPPORT CONSTRUCTION
- FASTENING SIGN BLANKS ON MULTIPLE-SIGN-SUPPORT SYSTEMS
- Hinge Requirements
- Slip Base Designs
- Frangible Coupler Designs
- MULTIPLE-SIGN-MOUNT INSTALLATION
- Guidelines for Fastening Sign Panels to Single-Support Systems
- FASTENING SIGN BLANKS ON SINGLE-SIGN-SUPPORT SYSTEMS
- Slip Base Designs
- Single-Support Installation
- MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION OF SIGN SUPPORTS
- Improved Base Devices
- Hinge Plate Designs
- Multiple-Support Slip Base-Coupler Designs
- Approved Single Supports for Multiple-Support Assemblies
- DESIGN OF MULTIPLE-MOUNT SIGN SUPPORTS
- Frangible Couplings
- Multidirectional Slip Bases
- Unidirectional Slip Bases
- SLIP BASE DESIGNS
- Steel-Pipe Posts
- Square Steel Tubes
- Wooden Support Posts
- Steel U-Channels
- Sign-Support Selection
- Sign Components
- DESIGN OF SINGLE-MOUNT SIGN SUPPORTS
- Influence of Surrounding Terrain on Proper Breakaway Performance
- Sign Assemblies
- Need Determination and Placement of Traffic Signs
- CRASHWORTHY CONCERNS OF ROADSIDE FEATURES
- Concerns on Use of Supplemental Advance Warning Devices
- Identifying Need for Supplemental Advance Warning Devices
- Design of Supplemental Warning Devices
- Legal Responsibility
- Uniformity Considerations and Necessary Deviations
- SIGNING AND. ROADWAY LIGHTING
- Placement of Crash Cushions
- Selection of Crash Cushions
- Characteristics of Crash Cushions
- BARRIER END TREATMENTS AND CRASH CUSHIONS
- Transitions to Bridge Railings
- Crash-Tested Bridge Railings
- Upgrading Bridge Railing Systems
- Placement Considerations
- BRIDGE RAILINGS AND TRANSITIONS
- PLACEMENT OF BARRIERS ON SLOPED MEDIANS
- Median Barrier Transitions
- Median Barrier End Treatments
- Characteristics of Median Barriers
- UPGRADING ROADSIDE BARRIER SYSTEMS
- Length of Need
- Terrain Effects
- PLACEMENT OF ROADSIDE BARRIERS
- SELECTION OF ROADSIDE BARRIERS
- Rigid Systems
- Semirigid Systems
- The three-cable system (Fig. 6.13) has been successfully tested to TL-3. It is made up of three steel cables mounted on weak posts. The cable barrier redirects impacting vehicles after the cable deflects and develops tension, with the posts offering little direct resistance. Several states allow a backslope as steep as 1:2 behind the rail. If the barrier is placed on the inside of a curve, additional deflection will occur before tension develops in the cable, and thus it may be desirable to limit the radius. New York installs the barrier having S3 X 5.7 (S75 X 8.5) steel posts for radii of 721.5 ft (220 m) or more with the standard 16-ft (4.9-m) post spacing, and for radii of 442.5 ft (135 m)
- CHARACTERISTICS OF ROADSIDE BARRIERS
- Obstacles
- Embankments
- WARRANTS FOR ROADSIDE BARRIERS
- Supports for Utility Poles
- Supports for Traffic Signals and Service Devices
- Luminaire Supports
- Sign Supports
- SIGN AND LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS AND SIMILAR FEATURES
- Drainage Features
- Roadside Geometry
- APPLICATION OF CLEAR ZONE CONCEPT TO SLOPE AND DRAINAGE DESIGN
- CONCEPTS AND BENEFITS OF ROADSIDE SAFETY
- SAFETY SYSTEMS
- Shotcrete Lining
- Relining
- Rehabilitation of Flexible Structures
- Rehabilitation of Rigid Structures
- REHABILITATION
- Inspection of Rigid Structures
- Inspection of Flexible Structures
- Elements of Inspection
- INSPECTION
- Camber Requirements
- Embankment Construction
- CONSTRUCTION METHODS
- Design Considerations
- Shapes and Materials
- REPLACEMENTS FOR BRIDGES
- Tunnel Liner Plates and Rib and Lagging
- Pipe Deflection by the Iowa Formula
- Plastic Pipe
- Corrugated Metal Pipe
- Rigid Pipe
- Loads
- STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF DRAINAGE PIPES
- Guidelines for Culvert Selection
- Abrasion
- Environmental Factors
- CULVERT SERVICE LIFE
- Steel and Aluminum Pipe
- CULVERT TYPES AND MATERIALS
- Discharge Velocity and Energy Dissipation
- Size Determination for Long-Span Structures
- Critical Depth Determination
- Size Determination for Culverts with Outlet Control
- Size Determination for Culverts with Inlet Control
- Allowable Headwater Depth
- Inlet and Outlet Control
- General Considerations
- HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF CULVERTS
- Subgrade Drainage
- Subsurface Drainage
- Culverts and Storm Drains
- Inlet Location and Type
- Curbs, Gutters, and Inlets
- DESIGN OF ROADWAY DRAINAGE
- Critical Flow Depth
- Energy Equation
- FUNDAMENTALS OF OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW
- Channel and Shore Protection
- Channel Realignment
- DESIGN OF OPEN CHANNELS
- Computer Models
- Estimation of Time of Concentration
- Estimation of Runoff by Peak Flow Equations
- Estimation of Runoff by Statistical Methods
- Flood Frequency
- Watershed Characteristics
- HYDROLOGY
- Kevin E. White, P. E
- SEISMIC DESIGN
- PROVISION FOR INSPECTION OF NEW BRIDGES
- BRIDGE BEARINGS
- DECK DRAINAGE
- REPAINTING OF EXISTING BRIDGES
- BRIDGE WIDENING AND REHABILITATION
- DETERMINATION OF SPAN LENGTHS
- Welded Steel Box Girder Bridge
- Beam and Girder Spacing for Steel Beam and Plate Girder Bridge
- Composite Construction for Steel Beam and Plate Girder Bridge
- Welded Steel Plate Girder Bridge
- Steel-Beam Bridge
- Prestressed-Concrete I-Beam Bridge
- Prestressed-Concrete Box-Beam Bridges
- Reinforced-Concrete Flat-Slab Bridge
- CHARACTERISTICS AND SELECTION OF BRIDGE TYPES
- CONTINUITY AND JOINTLESS BRIDGES
- Expansion Joint Sealers
- Expansion Joints
- DEFLECTION AND EXPANSION JOINTS
- WEATHERING STEEL
- CORROSION PROTECTION OF NEW STEEL BRIDGES
- SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR MAIN SUPERSTRUCTURE MEMBERS
- DECK SURFACES AND DECK OVERLAYS
- CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK PROTECTION
- CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK CONSTRUCTION
- CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK DESIGN
- BRIDGE DECK MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS
- Other Materials
- Structural Steel
- BASIC BRIDGE MATERIALS
- BRIDGE GEOMETRICS
- BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
- AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
- CLIENT-CONSULTANT RELATIONSHIP
- BRIDGE ENGINEERING
- LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF PAVEMENTS
- Microsurfacing
- Fog Sealing
- Crack Sealing
- PAVEMENT PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
- Rehabilitation of Flexible Pavement
- METHODS OF PAVEMENT REHABILITATION
- Composite Pavement Distress—Visual Rating
- Flexible Pavement Distress—Visual Rating
- Continuously Reinforced Rigid Pavement Distress—Visual Rating
- Jointed Rigid Pavement Distress—Visual Rating
- Pavement Deterioration
- PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
- FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCEDURE
- RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCEDURE
- Roadbed Soil Resilient Modulus
- Reliability and Overall Standard Deviation
- Traffic Loading
- PARAMETERS FOR AASHTO PAVEMENT DESIGN
- Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design
- DEVELOPMENT OF AASHTO PAVEMENT DESIGN EQUATIONS
- COMPOSITE PAVEMENT (OVERLAYS)
- FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
- Continuously Reinforced Rigid Pavement
- Rigid Pavement Joint Sealing
- Rigid Pavement Jointing Details for Intersections
- Jointed Rigid Pavement
- RIGID PAVEMENT
- PAVEMENT DESIGN AND. REHABILITATION
- Plan Components
- Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)
- HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PLANS
- Arterial Design Considerations
- Freeway Design Considerations
- Operational Considerations
- HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES
- INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS
- THE COST OF CONGESTION
- Drive Profile Design
- Shopping Center and Industrial Drives
- Commercial Drives
- Service Station Drives
- Urban Residential Drives
- Rural Driveway Geometries
- DRIVEWAY DESIGN
- Establishing Access Control
- ACCESS TO PUBLIC ROADS
- SERVICE ROADS
- Multilane Exit Ramps and Diverging Roadways
- MULTILANE RAMP AND ROADWAY TERMINALS AND TRANSITIONS
- COLLECTOR-DISTRIBUTOR ROADS
- Terminals on Crest Vertical Curves
- Superelevation at Terminals
- Single-Lane Ramp Terminals
- INTERCHANGE RAMP DESIGN
- Interchanges
- Two-Way Left Turn Lanes
- At-Grade Intersections
- . INTERSECTION DESIGN
- Pedestrian Facilities
- Curbs
- Interchange Elements
- Grading and Side Slopes
- Roadway Criteria
- CROSS-SECTION DESIGN
- Coordination of Horizontal and Vertical Alignments
- Vertical Alignment
- Horizontal Alignment and Superelevation
- Sight Distance
- GEOMETRIC DESIGN
- Detail Design Phase
- Preliminary Development Phase
- Project Evaluation
- TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
- HIGHWAY LOCATION,. DESIGN, AND TRAFFIC
- End Uses in Highways
- Domestic Waste
- Agricultural Waste
- Mining Waste
- Industrial Waste
- Construction Waste
- Waste Material Generated
- Legislation Affecting Use of Recycled Material
- RESOURCE RECOVERY AND USE OF WASTE MATERIAL
- Management of Industrial Lead-Based Paint Removal Projects
- Specifications Guidelines
- Community Relations
- Containment Considerations
- Removal Methods and Containment
- Worker Protection during Removal of Lead-Based Paint
- Approaches to the Management of Lead-Based Paint on Steel Bridges
- Regulatory Framework
- Biohazards of Lead
- LEAD-BASED PAINT REMOVAL
- Federal Requirements Protecting Disadvantaged and Minority Populations
- Federal Requirements Protecting Significant Historical and Cultural Resources
- Federal Requirements Governing Use of Farmland Recreation Lands and the Coastal Zone
- Federal Requirements Concerning Hazardous and Nonhazardous Waste
- Federal Requirement Protecting Water Resources and Sensitive Ecological Resources
- Federal Requirements Protecting Air Quality and Noise
- FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING RESOURCE-SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
- State Environmental Review Legislation
- The Environmental Impact Assessment Process under NEPA
- NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT OF 1969 (NEPA)
- FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND THE ENVIRONMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AFFECTING HIGHWAY PROJECTS
- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
- PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
- Category: Housing and Urban Development
- Category: Hydrosystems Engineering Reliability Assessment and Risk Analysis
- Derivation of Water-Quality Constraints
- Multiobjective stochastic waste-load allocation
- Optimal stochastic waste-load allocation
- Chance-Constrained Water-Quality Management
- Optimization of Hydrosystems by Chance-Constrained Methods
- Flood-damage-reduction projects
- Optimal risk-based pipe culvert for roadway drainage
- Intangible factors
- Risk-based design without flood damage information
- Evaluations of annual expected flood damage cost
- Tangible costs in risk-based design
- Historical development of hydrosystem design methods
- Basic concept
- Optimal Risk-Based Design of Hydrosystem Infrastructures
- Determination of optimal maintenance schedule
- Reliability design with redundancy
- Optimization of System Reliability
- Optimization techniques
- Single-objective versus multiobjective programming
- General framework of optimization models
- Integration of Reliability in Optimal Hydrosystems Design
- Summary and Conclusions
- Fault-tree analysis
- Conditional probability approach
- Path enumeration method
- Methods for Computing Reliability of Complex Systems
- Standby redundant systems
- K-out-of-ДО parallel systems
- Parallel systems
- Reliability of Simple Systems
- Bounds for system reliability
- Basic probability rules for system reliability
- Classification of systems
- General View of System Reliability Computation
- Reliability of Systems
- Resampling Techniques
- Control-variate method
- Latin hypercube sampling technique
- Stratified sampling technique
- Correlated-sampling techniques
- Antithetic-variates technique
- Importance sampling technique
- Variance-Reduction Techniques
- Efficiency of the Monte Carlo algorithm
- Directional Monte Carlo simulation algorithm
- The sample-mean method
- The hit-and-miss method
- Monte Carlo Integration
- Generating multivariate random variates subject to linear constraints
- Generating multivariate random variates with known marginal pdfs and correlations
- Generating multivariate normal random variates
- Generation of Vectors of Multivariate Random Variables
- Other univariate distributions and computer programs
- Poisson distribution
- Gamma distribution
- Lognormal distribution
- Generation of Univariate Random Numbers for Some Distributions
- Variable transformation method
- Acceptance-rejection methods
- Classifications of Random Variates Generation Algorithms
- Generation of Random Numbers
- Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use
- Monte Carlo Simulation
- Determinations of availability and unavailability
- Determinations of Availability and Unavailability
- Preventive maintenance
- Repair rate and its relationship with repair density and repair probability
- Repair density and repair probability
- Repairable Systems
- Effect of age on reliability
- Relationships among failure density function, failure rate, and reliability
- Typical hazard functions
- Cumulative hazard function and average failure rate
- Failure rate and hazard function
- Failure Characteristics
- Time-to-Failure Analysis
- Gram-Schmid Ortho-normalization
- Orthogonal Transformation Techniques
- Some One-Dimensional Numerical Integration Formulas
- Time-dependent reliability models for hydrosystems
- Time-dependent reliability models
- Modeling intensity and occurrence of loads
- Classification of time-dependent reliability models
- Time-dependent load
- Time-dependent resistance
- Time-Dependent Reliability Models
- Second-Order Reliability Methods
- Overall summary of AFOSM reliability method
- AFOSM reliability analysis for nonnormal correlated stochastic variables
- Treatment of correlated normal stochastic variables
- Treatment of nonnormal stochastic variables
- Algorithms of AFOSM for independent normal parameters
- Failure point)
- Advanced First-Order Second-Moment (AFOSM) Method
- Mean-Value First-Order Second-Moment (MFOSM) Method
- Direct Integration Method
- Performance Functions and Reliability Index
- Reliability Analysis Considering Load-Resistance Interference
- The stationarity assumption
- Extrapolation problems
- Limitations of Hydrologic Frequency Analysis
- With a Frequency Relation
- Selection of Distribution Model
- Estimation of Distributional Parameters
- Analytical Approaches
- Graphic Approach
- Probability Estimates for Data Series: Plotting Positions (Rank-order Probability)
- Return Period
- Types of Geophysical Data Series
- Hydrologic Frequency Analysis
- Multivariate lognormal distributions
- Determination of bounds on multivariate normal probability
- Computation of multivariate normal probability
- Multivariate normal distributions
- Multivariate Probability Distributions
- Distributions related to normal random variables
- Beta distributions
- Extreme-value distributions
- Gamma distribution and variations
- Lognormal distribution
- Some Continuous Univariate Probability Distributions
- Poisson distribution
- Binomial distribution
- Discrete Univariate Probability Distributions
- Covariance and correlation coefficient
- Skewness coefficient and kurtosis
- Variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation
- Mean, mode, median, and quantiles
- Statistical Properties of Random Variables
- Joint, conditional, and marginal distributions
- Random Variables and their Distributions
- Total probability theorem and Bayes’ theorem
- Conditional probability
- Statistical independence
- Fundamental Rules of Probability Computations
- Analysis*
- Overall View of Reliability Analysis Methods
- Measures of Reliability
- Definitions of Reliability and Risk
- Concept of Reliability Engineering
- Brief History of Engineering Reliability Analysis
- Reliability of Hydrosystem Engineering Infrastructure
- Engineering
- Acknowledgments
- Hydrosystems Engineering Reliability Assessment and Risk Analysis
- Category: Jacuzzis
- Category: Mixers
- Category: Other water supply, drains, gas
- Category: Pipeline fittings
- Category: Pipes
- Category: PLUMBER’S AND. PIPE FITTER’S. CALCULATIONS MANUAL
- Category: Pump equipment
- Category: RENOVATION 3
- CARPETING STAIRS
- STRETCHING CARPET
- POSITIONING THE CARPET
- ROUGH-CUTTING CARPET
- INSTALLING PADDING
- Wall-to-Wall Carpeting
- ADHERING AND SEAMING THE FLOORING
- CUTTING AND FITTING RESILIENT SHEETS
- CREATING A TEMPLATE
- Wood Flooring over Concrete
- LAYOUT, STARTER ROWS, AND BEYOND
- Floor Nailing Schedule*
- Installing Strip Flooring
- APPLYING A WATER-BASED FLOOR FINISH
- SELECTING A FLOOR FINISH
- Finishes, Cleaning Solvents, and Applicators
- SANDING FLOORS
- PREPARING FOR SANDING
- Floor-Sanding Materials*
- Refinishing Floors Safely
- IS IT THICK ENOUGH TO SAND?
- Refinishing Wood Floors
- RESILIENT FLOORING
- OTHER NATURAL FLOORINGS
- Flooring
- PAPERING AROUND ELECTRICAL OUTLETS AND FIXTURES
- Complex and Special-Care Areas
- . Three Types of Seams
- Basic Papering Techniques
- PREPPING RAW DRYWALL OR PLASTER
- PREPPING PAINTED SURFACES
- Preparing Surfaces
- WALLCOVERINGS
- APPLYING EXTERIOR PAINT
- Painting the Exterior
- Staining and Sealing: A Sampler
- Primers and Paints*
- On Priming Painted Surfaces
- SPRAY-PAINTING BASICS
- BRUSH BASICS
- Renting a Paint Sprayer
- SPRAY-PAINTING EQUIPMENT
- Tools and Equipment
- TIPS FOR THE PAINT STORE
- OIL-BASED VERSUS LATEX
- Painting
- FALSE BEAMS
- INSTALLING CROWN MOLDING
- And Crown Molding
- ATTACHING THE STOOL AND APRON
- INSTALLINGм SQUARE-CUT DOOR CASING
- Finishing Tips
- Common Interior Glues
- . The Case for Not Leveling Trim
- GENERAL CUTTING
- WORKING WITH MDF
- Materials
- NAILING AND DRILLING
- MEASURING AND LAYOUT
- Finish Carpentry
- Rejuvenating
- Laying Out a Tub Back Wall
- MOSAIC TILE After you've set paper-backed sheets of mosaic tile in adhesive, the paper will start to soften, allowing you to reposition the tiles slightly. To move a row of tiles, place the straight edge of a trowel against them, as shown, and tap the trowel lightly with a hammer handle. Countertop Front and Back Edges Use a grout float to seat mosaic tile in the thinset adhesive. Be sure to don knee pads that are comfortable enough to wear all the time. Flash the front edge of a counter, as shown, to prevent the exposed edges of the plywood from wicking moisture from the thinset adhesives and then swelling. Because the back edges of the countertops are also vulnerable to water damage, caulk and flash them, too. through those marks, perpendicular to the control line, to the back of the counter. L-SHAPED COUNTER On an L-shaped counter you have, in effect, two counters at right angles to each other, so you will need two control lines, perpendicular to each other, running along the front edge of each section. Any other layout considerations are subordinate to these two control lines, for they determine how the two oncoming tile fields will align. STRAIGHT COUNTER, WITH SINK To tile a straight counter with a sink, the layout is much the same as a counter without a sink, except that here, your main concern is making symmetrical tile cuts (if necessary) on either side of the sink. If you need to cut tiles, move the story pole side to side until the tile joints are equidistant on each side of the sink's rough opening. Then transfer those two marks to the control line. Finally, use a framing square to run lines  
- STRAIGHT COUNTER, NO SINK
- Thinset Adhesive
- ESTIMATING TILE
- ODD OR PROBLEMATIC SETTING BEDS
- Getting Ready to Tile
- SETTING BEDS
- SETTING AND GROUTING
- WATER RESISTANCE AND DURABILITY
- Tiling
- Soundproofing
- RESTORING PLASTERWORK
- SMALL REPAIRS
- Texturing Drywall and Plaster
- TAPING AND FINISHING
- Drywall over Plaster
- AND CUTTING DRYWALL
- ESTIMATING MATERIALS
- PROnP
- Finish Surfaces
- Three Things to Ask an HVAC Specialist
- Space-Saving Walls
- BLOWING-IN INSULATION
- INSTALLING FIBERGLASS BATTS
- CLEANING UP MOLD
- Soffit-to-Ridge Ventilation
- LEAKY DUCTWORK
- Energy Conservation and Air Quality
- AN OVERVIEW OF BATHROOM FIXTURES
- CREATING BATHROOMS THAT WORK
- Choosing a Range Hood
- Installing a Granite Countertop
- ORDERING COUNTERTOPS
- POST-FORMING A COUNTERTOP
- ADHERING LAMINATE YOURSELF
- Countertops for Kitchens and Baths
- INSTALLING WALL CABINETS
- TWO WAYS TO SECURE A TOEKICK
- INSTALLING BASE CABINETS
- LAYING OUT CABINETS
- Cabinet Basics
- Kitchen Lighting Basics
- . Standard Cabinet Dimensions
- Kitchens and Baths
- Replacing a Water Heater
- INSTALLING A BATHTUB
- INSTALLING A TOILET
- Setting a Pedestal Sink
- ALERT
- TESTING THE DWV SYSTEM
- Drilling and Notching Studs and Joists
- Framing for Toilets and Tubs
- BUILDING OUT FROM THE MAIN DRAIN
- Roughing-In DWV Pipes
- VENTING TOILETS
- Venting Options
- PEX: The Rising Star of Supply Pipes
- Working with DWV Materials
- Copper Pipe: Disconnecting, Reconnecting, and Repairing
- Measuring and Fitting Pipe
- Working with Copper Water-Supply Pipe
- Planning
- An Overview of Plumbing Systems
- Plumbing
- Adding Outdoor Receptacles
- INSTALLING CUT-IN BOXES
- Adding Outlets to Existing Circuits
- Making Sense of Flexible Metal Cable
- CONNECTING TO FIXTURES
- INSTALLING A GFCI RECEPTACLE
- Fixtures, and Switches
- DRILLING HOLES
- LOCATING AND MOUNTING BOXES
- FIXTURES, AND SWITCHES
- CIRCUIT WIRING
- Reading a Cable
- TIP
- Choosing an Electrical Tester
- Using a Voltage Tester
- Volts, Amps, and Watts
- Planning and Estimating
- AND GROUND FAULTS
- Electrical Wiring
- Damp Basement Solutions
- Cubic Yards of Concrete in Slabs of Various Thicknesses* t
- Capping a Foundation
- ATTACHING THE MUDSILL
- REMOVING OLD FOUNDATIONS
- Replacing a Shallow Foundation
- Cutting into a Concrete Floor
- Needle Beams
- JACKING SAFELY
- Patching Foundation Cracks
- Jacking and Shoring
- INDOOR SYMPTOMS OF FOUNDATION FAILINGS
- IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
- Foundations and Concrete
- Openings in Brick Walls
- RELINING A CHIMNEY
- About Chimney Fires
- Chimneys
- CLEANING AND SEALING EXTERIORS
- REPOINTING MORTAR JOINTS
- Mortar Types (ASTM C 270-68)*,t
- Mortar Types
- Working with Brick
- BASIC MASONRY TOOLS
- Masonry
- FRAMING A DOOR OR WINDOW OPENING
- Shoring
- REALIGNING AND REINFORCING CARRIAGES
- SAGGING STAIRS
- TIGHTENING NEWEL POSTS
- Water, Insects, Rot, and Mold
- Finishing Basement Walls
- BOLSTERING JOISTS
- LEVELING CEILINGS
- REMOVING DOORS AND TRIM
- CONTAINING THE MESS
- GETTING READY FOR DEMOLITION
- ALTERNATIVE FRAMING METHODS
- . PLUMBING AND SECURING THE WALL
- HEADERS
- Exploring Your Options
- Carpentry
- SLOPING AND PLACING GUTTERS
- Gutter Hangers
- Rain Gutters
- The Science of Nailing Clapboards
- INSTALLING WOOD SHINGLES
- LAYING OUT WOOD SHINGLES AND CLAPBOARDS
- REPAIRING EXTERIOR TRIM
- WATER TABLE
- GENERAL PREPARATION
- INSTALLING FLASHING PAPER
- INSTALLING BUILDING PAPER
- Exteriors
- INSTALLING AND FLASHING SKYLIGHTS
- Skylight above a Flat Ceiling
- Replacement Windows
- Installing a Skylight
- REPLACING GLASS
- Shimming Windows
- INSTALLING THE WINDOW UNIT
- Installing a Basic Window
- Hanging a Door to an Existing Frame
- SEALING DOOR BOTTOMS
- WEATHERSTRIPPING JAMBS
- CYLINDER LOCKSETS
- Installing Hardware
- FINE-TUNING FRENCH DOORS
- Installing French Doors
- Leveling a Doorsill
- Replacing an Exterior Door
- SHIMMING THE FRAME
- Installing an Interior Door
- Installation, in a Nutshell
- Doors, Windows, and Skylights
- TILE AND SLATE ROOFS
- SHINGLE REPAIRS
- ASPHALT SHINGLE REPAIR
- Using Pneumatic Nailers
- INSTALLING SHINGLES
- Asphalt Shingles
- SKYLIGHT AND RIDGE FLASHING
- CHIMNEY FLASHING
- VALLEY FLASHING
- Roof Flashing
- UNDERLAYMENT
- STRIPPING AN OLD ROOF
- Preparing to Install a New Roof
- COMMONSENSE SAFETY
- Roofs
- WOOD CONSTRUCTION CONNECTORS
- Metal Connectors
- NAILING STRUCTURAL PANELS
- Structural and Nonstructural Panels
- Framing with Steel
- ENGINEERED BEAMS
- Engineered Lumber
- MOISTURE CONTENT
- Materials
- SLIDING COMPOUND-MITER SAW
- WRECKING AND PRYBARS
- . DRILLING AND SCREWING ACCESSORIES
- HAND CUTTING AND SHAPING TOOLS
- HANDSAWS
- PLUMB AND LEVEL
- Tools to Own
- Tools
- RYNERSON HOUSE
- Schneider House
- DOUBLE-CHECK YOUR DESIGN
- From Preliminary Designs to Working Drawings
- Design Constraints
- MAPPING STRUCTURE AND UTILITIES
- Documenting What's There
- Planning
- INTERMEDIATE TO DIFFICULT
- AND AIR-CONDITIONING
- Insects: Hungry for a Home
- FLOORS AND STAIRS
- IN THE ATTIC
- WINDOWS AND DOORS
- GUTTERS AND DOWNSPOUTS
- BUILT-UP ROOFING
- WOOD SHINGLES AND SHAKES
- ASPHALT SHINGLES
- GETTING READY TO INSPECT
- TRAINING YOUR EYeI
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Category: Shower cabins
- Category: Sinks
- Category: Stone Matrix Asphalt. Theory and Practice
- Category: THE ENERGY-SMART HOUSETHE
- Thermostats
- Collector Installation at a Glance
- Rebates and Tax Breaks Could Be the Keys to the Future
- Using Solar for Space Heating
- How Much Hot Water Do You Need?
- Solar Hot Water
- Dishwashers: Less Hot Water Equals Less Energy Use
- Dishwashers Are Shaping Up
- Microwave Ovens Are Tops in Efficiency
- Cooking Options Pit Efficiency against Cost
- Style and Use Determine Efficiency
- The Energy - Smart Kitchen
- Task and Accent Lighting Require Focused Light
- Match the Light to the Job
- Light-Emitting Diodes Are the Future
- . The Bright Future of
- Green—and Unseen
- High-Energy Design: Creating a Well-Lit Room with Four Types of Lighting
- Low-Energy Lighting: The Latest Bulb Technologies
- Layering: Shining New Light on the Old Rules
- Design
- Contractors Sell Large Systems because They Fear Complaints
- Oversize Units Dehumidify Poorly and Waste Money
- Air - Conditioning: Bigger Isn't Better
- Choose Energy-Efficient Mechanical Help
- Control Heat with Mass
- Tighten Up and Insulate the House
- Let the House Breathe a Bit
- Face the Sun, and Shade the Glass
- Cool Design for a Comfortable Home
- Learn More about the Principles of Siting a House
- Make the Wind Work for You
- Orient the House to the Sun
- Finding the Sweet Spot: Siting a Home for Energy Efficiency
- Heat-Pump Basics
- Is Your Heating System an Energy Beast?
- . Install the New Window with Expanders, Shims, and Screws
- Windows ■ BY MIKE GUERTIN
- (No Title)
- It’s Difficult to Compare U-Factors
- Do Europeans Really Make the Best Windows?
- Self-Cleaning Windows Reduce Maintenance Demands
- Films Create Super Windows
- Coatings Improve Performance
- Insulated Glass Reduces Heat Loss
- What Makes a Good Frame?
- A Buyer's Guide to Windows
- Interlocking Metal
- Tapes
- Weatherstripping
- Retrofits
- Exterior Foam Is a Good Option
- Using Rigid Foam for an Efficient and Dry House
- Seam Tape and Fasteners Are Vital to the System
- Housewraps Are Susceptible to Certain Chemicals
- Siding Often Determines the Type of Housewrap
- Independent Tests Yield Clear Performance Comparisons
- A Side-by-Side Comparison Is Often Pointless
- Making Sense of Housewraps
- The Open-Cell vs. Closed-Cell Debate
- All You Need to Know about Spray Foam
- What’s in My Walls?
- Beef Up Your Old Insulation without Tearing into Walls
- Blowing Insulation Is a Team Effort
- Block the Biggest Offenders
- Replace, Seal, or Enclose Recessed Lights
- Small Leaks Add Up, So Seal Them All
- The Space around the Chimney Needs a Fire-Resistant Seal
- Tune Up Existing Insulation
- Stop the Air Leaks, Stop Losing Heat
- Retrofit Results
- Energy Retrofits of All Levels
- The Payback
- A Practical Look at Deep-Energy Retrofits
- Balanced Ventilation Brings in the Good Air, Banishes the Bad, and Conserves Energy
- Supply Ventilation Dilutes Pollutants Throughout the House
- Good Ventilation: Different Paths to the Same Place
- Indoor Air Usually Is Dirtier Than Outdoor Air
- Efficient Houses Need Fresh Air
- A Tricky Victorian
- Durability and Energy Efficiency Are Intertwined
- Energy Upgrades Are Cheaper Than You Think
- Can a Vintage Home Be Energy Efficient?
- Oversize AC Units Can Hide Many Big Problems
- HVAC Ducts Can Leak One-Third of the Air They Transport
- With Insulation, a Little Laziness Goes a Long Way
- Some Holes Are So Big That Nobody Notices Them
- Home Remedies for Energy Nosebleeds
- Costs and Reports Vary
- Consultant or Contractor?
- How to Hire a Qualified Auditor
- . New Homes Need Audits, Too
- Every House Needs an Energy Audit
- THE ENERGY-SMART HOUSETHE
- Category: THE SMALL HOUSE BOOK
- Category: Timber Framing for the Rest of Us Rob Roy
- Category: Toilet bowls
- Category: Trumpet isolation
- Category: Trumpet sealing
- Category: Venture for Affordable Housing
- Category: Water Engineering in Ancient Civilizations. 5,000 Years of History
- Chronological Table
- Technology for eternity
- City and countryside
- To design, and then to maintain
- The early technologies
- Innovation
- Conclusion
- The dawn of the 14th century, from the era of abbeys to the era of cities, and the rebirth of central power
- Ships and maritime ports
- Land development and management
- The “belle epoque” of the Middle Ages, from the dawn of the 12th century to the Hundred Years’ War
- Windmills: medieval innovations?
- Tidal mills
- The technologies of the medieval revival
- The Mills of the Middle Ages
- The golden age of the Chinese navy, 9th to the 15th century On the rivers, boats powered by paddle wheels
- Hydraulic energy - water mills and windmills
- Forge bellows and hydraulic energy for metallurgy
- Machinery: hydraulic mills and wheels, lifting machines and norias Lifting machines
- A wall against the sea - the tidal bore of Hangzhou
- The Grand Canal of the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties
- The appearance of the chamber lock
- The Grand Canal
- Innovations under the Han
- The end of the Han and the last great hydraulic projects
- The great Yellow River dike failures in the Han Empire
- Other projects of the early Han
- Development of the historic heart of China
- The Han Empire: continuing hydraulic development. Awakening of the Yellow River
- The destiny of Shi Huangdi, first emperor
- The transport canals - the magic canal (Lingqu)
- The Zhengguo irrigation canal, in the basin of the Wei
- The irrigation system in the Min valley, Sechuan
- Hydraulic development and rise of the Qin kingdom (4th and 3rd centuries BC)
- The first large transport canals of the 5th century BC
- From fear of the Yellow River to the first grand irrigation projects (7th to 5th centuries BC)
- The Yellow River, a terrible friend
- Historical and cultural landmarks
- From the beginnings of agriculture to the legendary founder of Chinese civilization
- Rivers, canals, and Hydraulic technology in China
- Windmills
- The norias
- Arab Science and Hydraulic Machinery Hydrodynamics and Marvelous Machines
- . The south of Morocco and the Saharan oases
- The Arab Occident Water in al-Andalus
- Hydraulics and prosperity in the heart of the Arab world
- The great libraries of the Abbasids
- In the heart of the Arab world: the splendor of the Umeyyades and the Abbassids
- Water resources for Persia and the silk road
- Hydraulic works in medieval India
- The great reservoirs of Ceylon
- Irrigation in Ancient India
- Beyond Rome, The East And The Arab World
- Roman hydraulic knowledge and knowledge transfer
- Other Roman ports and navigation works
- Ostia and the imperial ports of Rome
- Mediterranean ports in the Roman period
- Development of the Roman Orient
- Irrigation works in North Africa
- Mines and gold mining on the Iberian peninsula
- Dams of the Iberian peninsula
- Romans and dam technology
- Economic development of the provinces: dams for irrigation and industry
- Development of the water mill in the Roman Empire
- Water lifts, paddlewheels, and water mills in the world of Vitruvius
- Paddle wheels and water mills in the Roman world, the beginnings of industrial use of water
- Other aqueducts in the Roman Empire
- The Nimes Aqueduct and the Pont du Gard[242]
- The aqueducts of Lyon
- The Roman aqueducts in Gaul
- The aqueducts of the city of Rome at the end of the 1st century AD
- Evolution of aqueduct techniques
- The great aqueducts of Roman cities
- The Alexandrian heritage
- Hydraulics in the Roman empire: Driving Force of development and symbol of civilization
- Who burned the Library of Alexandria?
- Galien of Pergamon and the beginnings of biomechanics
- Heron of Alexandria and the first expression of the volumetric discharge of a canal
- The science of fluids at Alexandria under the Roman domination Heron of Alexandria and the “pneumatic” machines
- The Nabatians of Petra, hydraulicians of the desert
- The appearance of the water mill
- Egypt under the Lagide rulers: development of irrigated agriculture
- Egypt under the Lagide rulers: maritime commerce
- The water delivery system of Pergamon: the first large forced main
- The future of the discoveries of the 3rd century BC
- Archimedes, and the first theoretical formulations of fluid mechanics
- Vacuum, pressure, and the first hydrodynamic devices
- The influence of Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC Mathematicians and inventors[165]
- Brief history of the Hellenistic kingdoms and their successors1
- Mathematicians and inventors of Alexandria and the Hellenistic world
- THE EMPIRES OF THE BUILDERS
- Greek philosophers and thinkers of the classical era
- Engineering projects developed in Greece by the Persians during the Median wars
- The hydraulic works of Samos: record achievements in the Greek world
- Water supply for Greek cities
- The Greek world in the classical age
- A dam to protect Tiryns
- Drainage and land improvement in the Mycenaen civilization
- Port development at Pylos
- Urban hydraulics in the Mycenaen palaces
- Hydraulics in the Mycenaean civilization in the second millennium BC
- The Cretan cities and palaces: urban hydraulics brought to perfection
- The maritime civilizations of the Aegean Sea: urban and agricultural hydraulics
- The oasis of Maryab; the great dike on the wadi Dhana
- The qanats in Egypt under the Achaemenid Empire
- A thousand years of traffic on the Necho canal
- The great accomplishments of Egypt in the first millennium BC: from the last pharaohs to the Persians
- The search for Lake Moeris
- The pharaoh and the lake: the great hydraulic works of the IInd millennium BC
- The “marvelous” lake of Moeris. Fifteen centuries of work to develop Fayoum
- More to the south: hydraulic works at the second cataract
- On the river to Nubia, navigation works on the Nile (IIIrd and IInd millennia BC)
- Sadd el Kafara11: the first known large dam... and the story of its failure
- The earliest developments in Egypt, IIIrd millennium BC
- The Nilometers
- The ancestral principles of use of the Nile
- Historical Points of Reference
- Ancient Egypt and the Arabia Felix, the rhythm of the flood seasons
- On the steppes of central Asia: Irrigation in Bactria and Margiana before the arrival of Alexander the Great
- The qanats: a new technique for obtaining water
- In the Mesopotamian north: the kingdum of Urartu. The oldest dams still in use
- Development of Assyria. The waters of Nineveh
- Water supply from Dur Untash, in the land of Elam
- Syria-Palestine in the IInd millennium BC
- The Khanouqa dam and the Semiramis canal
- The question of the long navigation canal (the nahr Daourin)
- Hydraulics of the kingdom of Mari, on the middle Euphrates (IIIrd and IInd millennia BC)
- Between the Middle Euphrates and the Syrian coast: dams and canals from the IVth to the IInd millennium BC
- River engineering and flood protection
- Navigation between the Tigris and Euphrates
- The plain of lower Mesopotamia: irrigation, navigation, and river engineering from the Sumerian city-states to the Persian Empire
- From Mesopotamia to the Syrian Shore: The land of the water pioneers
- First of the maritime civilizations
- Water in the early cities
- Blessings and calamities
- In Egypt, the Nile flood is a blessing
- The Yellow River valley and its catastrophic floods
- The Indus and the Harappa civilization Bactria and the Margiana, on the banks of the Oxus
- The myth of the Flood, a reflection of the ancestral threat of floods and inundations?
- The River: menace or blessing?
- Irrigation and urban civilization in the Euphrates delta
- Hydraulics and The Birth of Civilization
- 4,000 YEARS OF HYDRAULIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE EAST
- Introduction
- Acknowledgements
- Water Engineering in Ancient Civilizations. 5,000 Years of History
- Category: WATER IN ROAD STRUCTURES
- Water Disposal
- Trench (“French”) Drains
- Ditch and Swale (with French Drain)
- Trench (“French”) Drain (Subsurface Drainage Only)
- Terminology Used for Standard Pavement and Associated Drainage Items
- Denmark
- Croatia
- Design to Traffic/Resistance to Fatigue
- Seasonal Variation in Pavement Design and Analysis - Some National Examples
- Future Performance
- Identifying Rehabilitation Needs
- Maintenance
- Testing Plan
- Construction and Maintenance of Drainage Systems
- Drainage Details
- Hydraulic Calculation for Drains (qL )
- Design of Drainage Systems
- Surface Seals
- Sealing Systems for Environmental Protection
- Road Wastewater Treatment Options
- Road Drainage and Treatments Systems
- Dispersal and Soakaways
- Deep Drains in Frost-Affected Areas
- Pavement Underdrains
- Cut-off Drains
- Drainage Masks
- Earthworks Drains
- Transverse Drains in Rigid Pavements
- Californian Drains
- Fin Drains
- Trench Drains (“French” drains)
- Current Techniques
- Other Considerations
- Water Quality Improvement
- Hydrograph Attenuation
- The Pavement as a Water Reservoir
- Filter Criteria
- Road Runoff Collection and Treatment
- Cold Climate Effects
- Open-Graded Drainage Layers (OGDLs)
- Drainage Layers
- Combined Drains
- Porous Asphalt
- Drainage Layers
- Longitudinal Drains
- Subsurface Drainage System
- Surface Drainage System
- Fundamental Drainage Considerations
- Conception and Drainage Criteria
- Objectives
- Control of Pavement Water and Pollution Prevention
- Mitigation Methods
- Economic Considerations
- Traffic Considerations
- Risk and Hazard for Pollution
- Criteria and Constraints for Pollution Mitigation
- Mitigating Pollution from Roads
- Pollution Mitigation
- Example of the Pollutant Transport Modelling in the Pavement and Embankment
- Rut Depth Predictions
- Experimental Pavement and Modelling Hypotheses
- Example of Modelling of Permanent Deformations
- Modelling Hypotheses
- Experimental Pavement
- Example of Modelling of the Resilient Behaviour of Pavements
- Numerical Simulation of Pavements Behaviour from Accelerated Tests
- Freezing Induced Water Flow
- Simulating the Infiltration and Percolation in a Road After Rainfall
- Examples
- Finite Element Modelling: Staggered Approach
- Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling
- Flow of Two Fluids in Rigid Porous Media
- Physical Aspects: Various Terms of Coupling
- Coupling Various Problems
- Advection Diffusion Processes
- Scheme Accuracy
- Time Integration - Solid Mechanics
- Transient Effects: The Time Dimension
- The Stiffness Matrix
- Solving the Non-Linear Problem — The Newton-Raphson Method
- Finite Difference Method
- Finite Element Method
- Numerical Tools: The Finite Element Method
- Boundary Conditions
- Advection — Diffusion
- Diffusion
- Solid Mechanics
- Introduction - Problems to be Treated
- Modelling Coupled Mechanics, Moisture and Heat in Pavement Structures
- Concluding Remarks
- Moisture Content Effect on Bearing Capacity - a Danish Study
- In-Situ Results
- Triaxial Tests - Soils
- Repeated Load Triaxial Tests - Unbound Granular Aggregates
- Examples of Test Results
- Bearing Capacity Measurements In-Situ
- Identification and Estimation of Model Parameters
- Control or Measurement of Suction/Moisture
- Repeated Load Triaxial Testing of Unbound Granular Materials
- Suction/Saturation Control
- Water Influence on Mechanical Behaviour of Pavements: Experimental Investigation
- Constitutive Modelling and Partial Saturation, Suction Coupling, Water Interaction on Mechanical Behaviour
- Effective Stress Approach
- Shakedown Models
- Visco-Plastic Equivalent Models
- Plasticity Theory Based Models
- Analytical Models
- Long Term Elasto-Plastic Behaviour
- MEPDG
- Advanced Pavement Analysis
- Resilient Behaviour
- Models for Subgrade Soils and Unbound Granular Materials
- General Objectives, Strength and Deformation
- Origin of Mechanical Properties in Pavement Materials
- Water Influence on Mechanical Behaviour of Pavements: Constitutive Modelling
- The Swedish Tjal2004
- Monitoring Frost Depth and Thawing, Finland and Sweden
- Finnish Example
- Thawing, Field Study, Iceland
- Thawing, Field Study, Canada
- Frost and Thawing of Pavements with Frost Susceptible Soils
- Seasonal Variation of Material Parameters
- Effect of Water and Loading on Structure Behaviour on Rut Progression
- Water Content Variations in Pavements
- Influence of Water Infiltration on Pavement Deterioration and Mechanical Degradation
- Pavement Design and Climatic Effects
- Water Influence on Bearing Capacity
- Water Influence on Bearing Capacity
- Eco-toxicity Tests
- Quantitative Analysis
- Chemical Analysis
- Sequential Extraction Methods
- Extraction Through Leaching and Percolation Methods
- Laboratory Measurements
- Redox Potential (in-situ)
- In-situ Measurements
- Water and Soil Storage
- Sampling of Soil and Soil Water
- Sampling of Groundwater
- Sampling from Surface Water Bodies
- Sampling of Runoff
- Water and Soil Sampling Procedures
- Sampling Design
- Data Storage and Retrieval
- Principles of Data Collection and Storage
- Contaminant Sampling and Analysis
- Concluding Remarks
- European Legislation
- Pathways and Targets
- Biological Processes
- Formation of Aqueous Complexes (“Particle”[14] Exchange)
- Reactions Between Oxidizers and Reducers (Electron Exchange)
- Exchange Reactions
- Dissolution/Precipitation
- Adsorption/Desorption
- Chemical Processes
- Movement of Non Aqueous Phase Fluids
- Retardation and Enhancement
- Mass Transport in Surface Runoff
- Mass Transport in Unsaturated Soil
- Mass Transport in Saturated Media
- Physical Processes
- Flow, Transport and Transformation Processes
- External Sources
- Snow and Ice
- Road Equipment
- Traffic and Cargo
- Sources
- Context
- Sources and Fate of Water Contaminants in Roads
- Porous Asphalt
- . Pollution-Induced Degradation of Bound Layers
- Micro Scale Simulation of Combined Mechanical-Water Induced Damage
- Moisture Diffusion Coefficients
- The Mechanical Processes Contributing to Water-Induced Damage
- The Physical Processes Contributing to Water-Induced Damage
- Coupled Physical-Mechanical Water-Induced Damage
- Water-Induced Damage in Asphaltic Wearing Surfaces
- In-Situ Infiltration Measurement
- Permeability of Cracked Pavements
- Permeability of Intact Asphaltic Mixtures
- Water in the Pavement Surfacing
- Recent Research
- Ice Lenses
- Physics of Frost Heave
- Thermal Diffusivity, a
- Thermal Capacity, c
- Porosity, n
- Conclusions Concerning Heat Transfer
- Relative Importance of the Different Mechanisms of Heat Transfer in Soils
- Radiation
- Basic Principles of Heat Transfer
- Heat Transfer in Soils
- Contact Filter Paper Techniques
- Suction Plate
- Thermal Conductivity Sensors
- Tensiometers
- Suction
- Permeability Tests of Unsaturated Soils
- Tracer Test
- Oedometer Test
- Falling Head Test
- Permeability Tests of Saturated Soils and Aggregates
- Permeability Testing
- Other Methods
- Capacitance Measurements
- Ground Penetrating Radar
- Time Domain Reflectometry Techniques
- Non-destructive Methods
- Water Content
- Drainability
- Permeability in Unsaturated Soil
- Analytical Models of the SWCC
- The Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC)
- Water in the Vadose Zone
- Filter Design
- Factors Affecting Permeability
- Darcy’s Law
- Porosity
- Porous Media
- Hydrodynamic Types of Aquifers
- Relation Between Road and Groundwater
- Water Balance
- Water Flow Theory for Saturated and Unsaturated Pavement Material
- Terminology
- Legal Considerations
- Climate and Climate Change
- Drainage Systems
- Runoff
- The Effect of Temperature
- Water and Alternative Materials
- Interaction Between Percolating Water and the Pavement
- Pavement Materials - Geotechnical Behaviour
- A Drainage Classification of Pavements
- Pavements and Their Construction
- Pavements and Earthworks
- Organisation of Book
- Aims and Objectives
- Some History
- Contributors
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- Category: Water purification
