Blog Archives

WEATHERSTRIPPING JAMBS

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

Today, there are three main types of weather­stripping: tubular, metal-leaf, and kerf-in. Most are easy to install and require few special tools. Prehung doors usually come with weather­stripping attached, which can be a nuisance when installing the unit and trying to establish a uniform gap between the door and its jamb all around. Thus many installers remove kerf-in weatherstripping before beginning the installa­tion; it’s easy enough to slide the strips back into the kerfs when the job is done. Door shoe gaskets (which seal the bottom of a door) are removed for the same reason.

Tubular is the easiest to install on old doors and the least expensive type of permanent weather­stripping...

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CYLINDER LOCKSETS

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

Cylinder locksets (also called tubular or key-in­knob locks) are popular because they’re cheap and easy to install. Better models have a spring – loaded dead latch that prevents the bolt from

DEAD B

Подпись: I Cylinder Locksetimage226Подпись: Cylinder locks are relatively inexpensive and easy to install. Many interior doors come with the large face bore predrilled.Exterior doors should have a dead bolt with a minimum 1-in. throw (extension) and a reinforced strike plate that screws into the framing behind the door frame. Single-cylinder deadbolts have a thumb-turn on the interior that is easy to open in the event of a fire. Unfortunately, such thumb-turns can easily be turned by a burglar breaking a glass side light. Double-cylinder models, which require a key on both sides, are more secure but are frequently banned by fire codes.

Подпись:image228"Подпись: .. .then insert the lock body into the spindle hole of the latch assembly, and screw the two handles together. Follow the instructions supplied with your lockset.image229image230

being retracted by slipping a plastic credit card between the door edge and the frame...

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Step 16-Plumb & Line

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

String Line

Set 16d nail in corner of double plate and bend until it is in line with wall below.

“Plumb and line" is the process of making the walls straight and true.

“Plumbing" is the use of a level to set the ends of the walls plumb or perfectly upright.

“Lining" is using a tight string attached to the top of a wall as a guide for straightening it.

Set nails at either end of wall as shown, and then string line tightly between them, adjusting the line so that it is about W above the double plate. Wall should be moved in or out to align with string.

The walls are braced with 2 x 4 lumber to hold them and, if necessary, make them plumb and straight.

If a wall already is sheathed and in place, but not plumb, correct it if it is more than W out of plumb for standard height walls.

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Relative Importance of the Different Mechanisms of Heat Transfer in Soils

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

4.2.5.1 Temperatures Below 0°C

The transfer of heat by conduction is the dominating factor at temperatures below 0°C (Sundberg, 1988). In the small pores of frost susceptible soils though, due to freezing point depression, some water remains unfrozen at temperatures below 0°C. This allows convection caused by so-called cryo-suction effects (see Section 4.6.2 below) and a small amount of heat transfer at temperatures below 0°C.

4.2.5.2 Temperatures Above 0°C and Below Approximately 25°C

At this temperature range, conduction of heat is still the dominating factor (Sundberg, 1988). In highly permeable soils there may be more forced convection – like groundwater flow that is natural or caused by water abstraction...

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Laboratory Example

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

The relationship between the contents of air voids and coarse grains is well-illus­trated by the laboratory example described next.

Two mixes, identified by letters E and F, were produced in laboratory conditions to demonstrate the differences between SMA mixtures with the following different gradations:

• Mix E is characterized by a lesser discontinuity (more uniformity) of gradation.

• Mix F, designed according to U. S. gradation curves using NAPA SMA Guidelines QIS-122, has a much higher content of coarse aggregate particles.

Both mixes were prepared with the use of a combination of sieves. The same combination has been applied to present gradation curves and to perform analyses of the aggregate mixes. The gradation curves of aggregate mixes E and F are shown in Figure 6.11...

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The search for Lake Moeris

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

Among all the Greek travelers, Herodotus is the only one to have visited this region (in 460 BC) prior to the new hydraulic works implemented by Ptolemy II in the 3rd centu­ry BC. Having admired the Labyrinth, the funeral monument of Amenemhat III, he then describes a lake of very large dimensions, oriented approximately north-south:

“Such was the labyrinth; but an even greater marvel is what is called the Lake of Moeris, beside which the labyrinth was built. The circuit of this lake is a distance of about four hun­dred and twenty miles (670 km!), which is equal to the whole seaboard of Egypt. The length of the lake is north and south, and its depth at its deepest is fifty fathoms (89 m). That it is handmade and dug, it itself is the best evidence...

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Streets Too Wide

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

One of the most readily-apparent products of zoning is the wide, suburban street. Roadways built before zoning emerged typically have 9-foot wide travel lanes. Now, most are required to have lanes no less than 12 feet wide. This allows for what traffic engineers call "unimpeded flow,” a term some crit­ics have aptly interpreted as "speeding”.

Safety concerns have played a no less significant role in the widening of America’s streets. During the Cold War, AASHTO (the American Associa­tion of State Highway Transportation Officials), pushed hard for streets that would be big enough to facilitate evacuation and cleanup during and after a nuclear crisis. Fire departments, too, continue to demand broader streets to accommodate their increasingly large trucks...

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DEVELOPMENT OF AASHTO PAVEMENT DESIGN EQUATIONS

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

Perhaps the most widely used pavement design method in the United States and throughout the world is that presented in the AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. A long history of pavement studies has led to the current (1993 with 1998 supplement) edition.

DEVELOPMENT OF AASHTO PAVEMENT DESIGN EQUATIONS

FIGURE 3.8 Joint in composite pavement that has been sawed and sealed.

The developments leading to the current AASHTO design procedure began with the Bates Experimental Road, which was constructed in 1922 near Springfield, Illinois. The purpose of the experimental road was to determine what factors affected pavement per­formance. The researchers found that pavement performance could be correlated with truck loading. No further major research was conducted over the ensuing 25 years.

The changes in truck configuration and...

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Techniques CARRYING LUMBER

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

Techniques CARRYING LUMBER

FRAMING LUMBER CAN be heavy.

A 2×4 stud isn’t a big deal, but a wet, 16-ft. 2×12 sure is—and there are many boards of that heft even in a small house. Dor’t carry lumber by holding the board at your waist; this puts undue strain on your elbows and lower back. Instead, grab a long, heavy board at its balance point and, in one fluid motion, lift and flip it gently onto your shoul­der. With your entire body helping absorb and distribute the weight, the load is much easier to carry.

Подпись: 6]/4 in. (top cripple length) Make a story pole from a 2x s:ud. This pole will help you accurately lay out trimmers, headers, rough sills, and top and bottom cripples.

Tool Talk MAKING A STORY POLE

THE BEST WAY to obtain accurate lengths for cripples and trimmers is to make a story pole. As the name sug­gests, this straight length of wood (I use a 2×4) tells a story...

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WAYS TO PLATE WALLS

Posted by on 14/ 11/ 15

Подпись: Most walls are plated this way. The bottom plate is tacked to the floor and the second plate is tacked to the first with 8d nails. WAYS TO PLATE WALLSПодпись: Top plate Подпись: Two ways to plate walls that house pipesWAYS TO PLATE WALLSПодпись: Top plateПодпись: On exterior walls with bolts, hang the top plate on the outside.WAYS TO PLATE WALLSStack, tack, and cut

Plating a wall involves three procedures.

STACK THE PLATES. Place two layers of plate slock (2x4s are used for the wall framing on this house) along the layout line for the wall. These layers will become the top and bottom plates. Reserve the straightest 2x4s for the plates, and use the longest plates (typi­cally 16 ft.) on the longest exterior walls. Pay attention to where the top plate stock hulls together. These butt joints should be at least 4 ft. away from an intersecting wall.

TACK THE PLATES IN PLACE. After you’ve dis – trihuted the plate stock, you can start tacking it down. Using 8d nails, tack, or temporarily nail, the bottom plate to the subfloor right on the line. Drive an 8d nail about 1 ft...

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