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[1] Annex C contains a Glossary of terms that may be unfamiliar to some readers. [2] The terms permeability and hydraulic conductivity are both used to mean the ease with which water travels through saturated, porous media. In this book the term permeability is used pref­erentially. In particular the ‘coefficient of hydraulic conductivity’ and the […]

X s wrong right Language Item no. 1 2 3 English geotextile liner slotted drainage pipe permeable aggregate filler German Geotextileinsatz pomse Entwasserungsleitung durchlassiger Zuschlagstoff Spanish capa de geotextil tubo de drenaje ranurado arena fina permeable French recouvrement de geotextile tuyau poreux de drainage agregat permeable Italian geosintetico tubo di drenaggio poroso aggregato permeabile Greek […]

Language Item no. 1 2 3 4 5 English wearing course (bound aggregate) trench (“French”) drain ditch swale subgrade German Deckschicht Rohrdrainage Strafiengraben Mulde Untergrund Spanish capa de rodadura zanja de drenaje cuneta acequia explanada French couche de roulement tranchese drainante fosse fosse couche de forme ou sol Italian Greek strato di usura Хтрсоат K^Ko9opias […]

Language Item no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 English topsoil wearing course (bound aggregate) base course (unbound aggregate) permeable filler permeable aggregate porous drainage pipe geotextile liner cohesive subgrade soil/impermeable filler German Mutterboden Deckschicht obere Tragschicht durchlassiger Fuller durchlassiger Zuschlagstoff porose Entwasserungs- leitung Geotextileinsatz undurchlassiger Untergrund Fuller (continued) Language Item no. […]

B.1 Introduction The purpose of this document is to show some standard designs for pavements and associated drainage items and to present the names of these in several languages. The diagrams contained within each section show the general layout only. No de­tail is included regarding the specifications of the materials or specific dimensions. Many of […]

The Danish design system deals with seasonal variations by adjusting the ex­pected bearing capacity (E-modulus) of each pavement layer. In the design software MMOPP (Mathematical Model of Pavement Performance) (Ullidtz, 1993) the user can choose an advanced design procedure, where the performance of the road is simulated over (for example) 40 years. The program is […]

In Croatia, the design of pavement structures primarily considers the traffic load. However, if the subgrade soil is frost susceptible and if the hydraulic conditions are unfavourable, the originally designedpavement structure shouldbe additionally tested to determine the impact of freezing. If there is a risk of freezing, certain technical measures have to be planned within […]

Fatigue design is made using either methods based on Odemark’s formula or on analytical calculation methods (e. g. a multi-layer linear elastic design program). In both, the seasonal variation can only be considered by choosing the material proper­ties for each (especially the unbound) layer so as to represent weighted mean values for the whole year. […]

A.1 Introduction The primary objective of this annex is to present examples of how moisture condi­tion is taken into account in pavement design and analysis. The pavement design regarding the influence of water has significantly different objectives in different European countries. While in central and northern Europe the most important question is how to protect […]

The observation of climate changes, as a consequence of global warming, reveals the aggravation of extreme situations, including alternating torrential rain periods with drought situations. Therefore, it’s important to ensure that road drainage systems are calculated for extraordinary phenomenon (both precipitation and flow) associated with a predetermined return period, which includes an allowance for the […]