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PITCH-CHANGE FLASHING

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

Подпись:PITCH-CHANGE FLASHINGwall sheathing on framing of wood flue

STEp FLASHiNG WOVEN WITH ROOFiNG COuRSES

(shown before it is lapped with moisture barrier & SIDING), SEE 171C,

OR

ALTERNATIVE SIDEWALL FLASHiNG, SEE 171B.

BASE FLASHiNG WRApS CORNERS, ExTENDS uNDER SHINGLES AT SIDES 4 IN. (MIN.) & LApS SHINGLES AT BASE 4 IN. (MIN.)

OR

ALTERNATIVE OuTSIDE CORNER FLASHiNG AT BOTH CORNERS, SEE 172A,

COMBINED WITH ABuTTiNG ROOF FLASHiNG,

SEE 169D.

Подпись: ROOFiNG LApS BASE FLASHiNG 4 IN. (MIN.) THIS FLASHiNG IS ALSO AppLICABLE FOR ANY WOOD-FRAMED pROTRuSiON THROuGH THE ROOF SuCH AS DORMERS, SEE 135 & 149B, OR SKYLIGHTS, SEE 175-176.
Подпись: NOTE FOR CLARiTY, WALL FiNiSH iS NOT SHOWN.

CHIMNEY FLASHING

Wood-Framed Flue

The flashing for a masonry chimney is best made of permanent materials such as copper or stainless steel. The flashing fits to the roof using the same principles as flashing for wood-framed flues (see 173B). The top edge of this flashing is then lapped with a counterflashing that is set into the mortar joints between masonry units...

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MANAGING A FRAMING TEAM

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

This chapter is intended for advanced framers who are becoming “lead framers," or starting to manage a framing crew. Keep in mind that the lead framer’s productivity is defined by the productivity of the crew. If you’re taking on the job of lead framer, you’ll need to think about the information your crew needs and how to teach and manage them most effectively. Earlier chapters in this book will help you train your crew in the specific steps of various framing tasks. But there are other aspects to managing a crew. It’s the lead framer’s job to get the building framed on time and within budget...

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INSTALLING J-CHANNEL AROUND WINDOWS

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

INSTALLING J-CHANNEL AROUND WINDOWSHelping Hand

Dispose of waste drywall. Before you send waste dry – wall to a landfill, contact the Gypsum Assoriation (see Resources on p. 278) to see whether there’s a recycling facility in your area. Local builders may also know of recycling possibilities that can help reduce the amount of construction material sent to landfills.

Using J-channet around a window makes a dean joint between the drywall and the window frame.

INSTALLING J-CHANNEL AROUND WINDOWSПодпись:

corner beads are designed to be nailed or stapled in place. Use tinsnips to cut floor-to – ceiling beads. Cut them at least Zi in. short, but hold them tightly against the ceiling. Starting at the top and working down, fasten the bead to the corner stud (below the top plates) with pairs of nails or screws opposite each other every 8 in. to 10 in...

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RETAINING WALLS

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

A. J. Siccardi, PE.

Formerly, Staff Bridge Engineer
Colorado Department of Transportation
Denver, Colorado

S. C. (Trever) Wang, Ph. D., P. E.

Senior Engineer

Colorado Department of Transportation
Denver, Colorado

Retaining walls are an important element in highway construction. They are most fre­quently constructed in the highway environment to retain a mass of earth. They are also used to enable the highway designer to establish grade lines for roadways at dif­fering elevations when such roadways are in close proximity to one another and are to be constructed within limited rights-of-way, as is generally the case in densely populated urban locations.

Until 1972, when the first Reinforced Earth wall in the United States was built in California, retaining walls utilized in highway constructi...

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Apply the second and third coats

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

Drywall compound must be applied in sev­eral thin coats because thick applications tend to shrink and crack. Also, thin coats can be feathered or tapered very gradually so that they’re invisible (or nearly so) after the drywall surface is painted. Before applying the second coat, remove any lumps, high spots, or ridges of hardened compound left from the first coat. This can be done with a drywall knife or a pole sander. Be careful not to oversand, or you could damage the paper face of the drywall.

Apply topping compound over the dimples around the fasteners, just as you did with the first coat. Be even more careful as you level the compound, and use a 10-in. or 12-in. knife. Along seams, apply topping compound with a 5-in. knife, then use a 12-in...

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Pollution Mitigation

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

Mihael Brencic% Andrew Dawson, Lennart Folkeson, Denis Francois and Teresa Leitao

Abstract There is often a risk of pollution entering or moving in the road environ­ment. This may give rise to problems of various severities dependant on the local environment around and under the pavement. Therefore the risks have, first, to be assessed and then appropriate action taken to minimise the movements and/or the impacts. This chapter describes the criteria to be applied when considering pollution mitigation schemes and the constraints that must be taken into account. Both traffic considerations (which often form the driver for pollution supply) and economic con­siderations are included in the coverage of the chapter together with some comments on site sensitivity...

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Path enumeration method

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

This is a very powerful method for system reliability evaluation. A path is defined as a set of components or modes of operation that leads to a certain outcome of the system. In system reliability analysis, the system outcomes of interest are those of failed state or operational state. A minimum path is one in which no component is traversed more than once in going along the path. Under this methodologic category, tie-set analysis and cut-set analysis are two well-known techniques.

Cut-set analysis. The cut set is defined as a set of system components or modes of operation that, when failed, cause the failure of the system...

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Do the prep work

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

Before you start taping and mudding, make sure that all fasteners are below the surface of the drywall. You can do this by running your hand or a wide drywall knife over the fasten­ers in the walls and ceiling. If any fasteners are proud of the surface, they will show when you apply the first coat of mud.

You may need to do a bit of repair work around electrical-outlet boxes. If the fit around these boxes is sloppy, use a fast-setting (as op­posed to a slow-drying) joint compound that’s available at supply stores. Mix a batch and fill the gaps with a small putty knife. Place small pieces of drywall tape over the mud and apply a smooth coat on top of the tape.

If the gaps are quite narrow, use latex caulk to seal around them.

COMPOUND AND TAPE...

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AND FINISH THE DRYWALL

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

Подпись: HeaderПодпись:AND FINISH THE DRYWALLПодпись:Подпись: Using J-channel around a window makes a clean joint between the drywall and the window frame.Подпись: Dispose of waste drywall. Before you send waste drywall to a landfill, contact the Gypsum Association (see Resources on p. 279) to see whether there's a recycling facility in your area. Local builders may also know of recycling possibilities that can help reduce the amount of construction material sent to landfills.

straight, finished edge. Both metal and vinyl corner beads are designed to be nailed or stapled in place. Use tinsnips to cut floor-to-ceiling beads. Cut them at least V2 in. short, but hold them tightly against the ceiling. Starting at the top and working down, fasten the bead to the corner stud (below the top plates) with pairs of nails or screws opposite each other every 8 in. to 10 in. A pneumatic stapler also works well. Make sure all the beads are straight and lie flat against the wall.

Beads around windows and doors are at­tached just like those on corners. The header beads are cut square on both ends and then nailed in place. The side trimmer pieces are also cut square and butt into the top piece (see the photo at right).

I am not a professional drywall finisher, but I have taped...

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From fear of the Yellow River to the first grand irrigation projects (7th to 5th centuries BC)

Posted by on 23/ 11/ 15

The first large dike construction projects on the lower course of the Yellow River date from the spring and autumn period, more precisely the first half of the 7th century BC. The duke Huan de Qi is said to have brought together the “nine rivers” described by Sima Qian into a single course and probably tried to drain the swampy plain.[388] Soon after came the first realignment of the river course mentioned in Chinese history. In 602 BC the river adopted a new course some hundred kilometers to the east (Figure 8.2). Fortunately, the region affected by this first event was probably not very populated...

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