Blog Archives

Honesty

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

In the most beautiful houses, no attempt is made to conceal structural ele­ments or disguise materials. Because wooden collar beams are understood as necessary, they are also seen as beautiful. Whenever possible, features like these are left unpainted and exposed to view. Then there are those hous­es for which attempts are made to mimic the solid structure and materials of more substantial homes. These are easily recognized by their wood-grain textured, aluminum siding, hollow vinyl columns and false gables.

Aluminum is a fine material so long as it is used as needed and allowed to look like aluminum. Artifice is artless. It does not merely violate nature’s law of necessity, but openly mocks it. If wood is required for a job, wood should be used and allowed to speak for itself...

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STORING THE READY-MADE SMA MIXTURE IN A SILO

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

Most guidelines for SMA do not recommend producing large quantities of a mix­ture and holding it in reserve for too long for future use. SMA stockpiling is an uncertain business due to the risk of binder draindown when storing hot mixture. Such limitations cause problems when the asphalt plant has a low output and large amounts of mixture are needed to be supplied to a laydown site. It can be assumed that, depending on the temperature, mineral composition, and binder content, the mixture may be stored for up to 2 or 3 hours at a high temperature. The risk of draindown is magnified by the SMA’s extended storage time in a silo, which is why it should be sent to the work site within a reasonable amount of time after production.

It is important to monitor the decreasing temperature of a mix...

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INTERIOR HINGED DOORS

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

HEADER SET HIGHER THAN STANDARD TO ALLOW FOR TRACK.

 

INTERIOR FINISH JAMB

CASING PROJECTS BELOW HEAD Jamb & IS Fitted

with trim to cover track hardware.

 

adjustable track

HARDWARE

 

Head Jamb

 

INTERIOR HINGED DOORSINTERIOR HINGED DOORS

Подпись: INTERIOR FINISH CASING POCKET-DOOR FRAME SIZED TO WIDTH OF WALL Подпись: NOTE STANDARD WIDTH IS A9/16 IN. SIZED FOR 2XA WALL WITH 1/2-IN. GYPSUM WALLBOARD ON BOTH SIDES. INTERIOR HINGED DOORSПодпись: SjH HAVE GUIDES AT THE BASE OF THE POCKET. Pocket doors – Pocket doors slide on a track attached to the head jamb and are sold as a kit, with the door and pocket separate and the pocket broken-down for ease of transport. The pocket is assembled at the site, and the head jamb (which much be set higher than 6 ft. 8 in. to allow for the track) is leveled, shimmed, and attached to the frame of the building. Next the pocket itself and the opposite jamb are shimmed and nailed. The heavier and wider the door and the better the quality of the hardware, the less likely the door is to derail...

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Steel and Aluminum Pipe

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

Numerous drainage products are available in steel with protective coatings and in aluminum. These include corrugated pipe, spiral-rib pipe, structural-plate pipe, box cul­verts, and, where a tunnel is required, tunnel liner plates. Figure 5.24 shows the variety of profiles available for the wall cross-section of steel drainage products. For additional profiles, see “Corrugated Steel Pipe Design Manual,” National Corrugated Steel Pipe Association, 2008. The arc-and-tangent profiles shown with depths of through 1 in (6.5 through 25 mm) are wall profiles for pipe factory-corrugated to the full pipe

Steel and Aluminum Pipe

FIGURE 5.23 Cross-section of cast-in-place con­crete pipe showing form components. (From Lynch Manual, Cast-in-Place Concrete Process, W. M. Lynch Co., Dixon, Calif...

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Electrical Wiring

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

Подпись: Use a wire stripper to strip 'h in. of insulation off the wire ends before attaching them to the screw terminals on switches. Begin by scoring the insulation with a twist of the wrist. Then use your thumb as a fulcrum to pop the insulation off.image462

Electrical work is among the most pre­dictable, pleasant aspects of construction—no heavy lumber to be wrestled, no large sheets that would fit if only your fingers weren’t in the way, no quick-drying compounds driving you into a frenzy. Wiring a house is methodical work that requires attention to detail and some dexterity. And you know quickly if you’ve done the work correctly: bulbs glow and radios play.

Electricity should be respected, and it must be taken seriously. But it is a natural phenomenon, subject to the laws of physics. If you heed the safety precautions in this chapter—especially those about shutting off power and testing with a voltage tester, to make sure the power is off— you’ll do fine...

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Fluctuations in Batching of Components

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

SMA mixtures are very susceptible to overbatching of the binder quantity during production. When this occurs, an extra amount of binder appearing in a mixture is followed by the rapid decrease of mastic consistency and a change in the volume ratios of the entire SMA. Moreover the risk of binder or mastic draindown becomes much higher.

The strength of SMA is founded on its mineral skeleton. So the properties of SMA are dependent on the gradation and, consequently, are extremely susceptible to the shifting of the gradation curve. As discussed in Chapter 6, we should consider the impact of the change of coarse aggregate content on the breakpoint (BP) sieve...

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Time-dependent load

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

In time-dependent reliability analysis, one is concerned with system reliability over a specified time period during which external loads can occur more than once. Therefore, not only the intensity or magnitude of load is important but also the number or frequency of load occurrences is an important parameter.

Over an anticipated service period, the characteristics of load to be imposed on the system could change. For example, when a watershed undergoes a pro­gressive change, it could induce time dependence in load...

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Sampling of Runoff

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

Sampling can aim at documenting contaminant concentrations and fluxes during and after storm events (or other rain or snow melt), at mirroring the load and flux of contaminants over an extended period of time, or at characterizing an accidental discharge.

Road runoff presents specific characteristics that change significantly from place to place, depending on site characteristics and many other factors (Barbosa & Hvitved-Jacobsen, 2001). Therefore, the monitoring programme should also include the characterization of the most important factors such as: traffic characteristics (volume, speed, type of vehicles, fuel types, etc.), geographic location, climate, topography, drainage area and road design, pavement characteristics, right-of-way characteristics and adjacent land use...

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CULVERT TYPES AND MATERIALS

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

The main types of pipe used in highway construction are concrete pipe, metal pipe (steel or aluminum), and plastic pipe (high-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride). They are available in a wide array of sizes, shapes, and properties. Table 5.10 gives the ASTM and AASHTO standards for the most common highway drainage pipes. Some of the characteristics of these pipes are reviewed below.

5.6.1 Concrete Pipe

Concrete pipe is manufactured as nonreinforced, reinforced, or cast-in-place pipe; as box culverts and special shapes; and as field-constructed pipe. Shapes, as shown in Fig. 5.21, include round, horizontal and vertical ellipse, and arch configuration.

Factory-Made Pipe...

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Discharge Velocity and Energy Dissipation

Posted by on 18/ 11/ 15

Because of its hydraulic characteristics, the outlet velocity of a culvert is usually higher than the velocity in the discharge channel. The outlet velocity may be calculated either using Manning’s equation, Eq. (5.11), if the culvert is under inlet control, or by divid­ing the discharge by the cross-sectional area of the flow if under outlet control. Under outlet control, if the tailwater is above the crown of the pipe, or if the discharge is high enough to result in a critical depth equal to the depth of the culvert barrel, then the flow area may be taken as the area of the barrel. If the tailwater depth is low, the area of flow, and thus the velocity, may be determined using the chart in Fig. 5.19 or 5.20...

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