Library builder

Earlier, common practice has designated porous mixtures as the most effective way of reducing traffic noise. One — or two-layer pavements have been used, while the latter ones generally are a more effective option. However, that is an expensive solu­tion. On the other hand, it has been found (von Bochove and Hamzah, 2008) that gap-graded […]

In some countries, SMA mixes have been applied in lower layers of the pavement structure. They are usually coarse-graded SMA mixes from 0/16 to 0/22 mm. Such solutions have been tested in the United States and recently in Germany, where they are called Splittmastixbinder (SMB) (Gartner et al., 2009; Schunemann, 2006). Because of the high […]

SMA mixes have performed well in wearing courses, so it was a natural process to test them in the remaining layers of a pavement. As everybody already knows, SMA has proved to be a good material for these places. Therefore, SMA has found its way FIGURE 13.3 Thin SMA wearing course of 0/6.3 mm grading […]

Considering the technology of thin SMA layers, but not only gradation of the aggre­gate blend, but the quantity and type of binder as well, must provide a mix that can be placed by mechanical spreading of a layer up to approximately 4 cm (usually less than 3 cm) thick using a standard paver. Furthermore, the […]

The bridge in Wroclaw, Poland, is a steel construction with short spans but sub­stantial deflections and vibrations. A completely new pavement was laid in 1997. It consisted of an asphalt mastic protection layer (2 cm) and two 0/8 mm SMA layers—the first one as an intermediate layer and the second one as a wearing course. […]

The bridge in Plock, Poland, is a steel, highway and railway, multispan bridge with a significant longitudinal slope. During reconstruction in 1998, a new sprayed pro­tection layer was applied and one layer of 0/16 mm SMA surfacing was laid down. An SBS modified binder—with 50/80 Pen@25°C, SP > 63°C, and ER > 80%—was used. It […]

Another example of an SMA bridge application in Europe is found on one of the longest bridges in Europe—the Great Belt Link connecting Denmark with Sweden. FIGuRE 13.1 Grading of the SMA aggregate mix, Roosteren design. (Data from von Brochove, G. G., Voskuilen, J., and Visser, A. F.H. M., Proceedings of the 4th Eurasphalt & […]

What follows are descriptions of a few applications of SMA-type asphalt mixes for pavements on steel bridge decks. It has been noted before that this type of bridge construction poses the greatest challenge for the asphalt pavement. 13.2.1.1 Bridge in Roosteren, the Netherlands In 2005, in Roosteren, the Netherlands, an experimental SMA pavement was made […]

Surfacing on bridge structures is not, and should not be, like that of a standard pavement on a soil subgrade. The essential difference lies in a different mode of operation. There are special circumstances that must be considered, including the following: • The cooling and warming effect developing from underneath the bridge deck pavement caused […]

During the 1990s, a few airfield pavements paved with SMA mixtures were constructed in Norway. Various binders and additives were used, depending on the climatic zones in which they were placed. The biggest of these airfields with an SMA pavement is Gardermoen near Oslo. On Gardermoen’s runways, 4-cm thick SMA mix of 0/11 mm were […]