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An SMA formula has to be documented and demonstrated (declared). Any SMA mixture made according to the recipe has to meet the standard requirements deter­mined by a given country. 14.5.1 Gradation The fundamental rules regarding the mix design include the following: • The gradation should be expressed in mass percentages of the total aggre­gate mix; […]

According to the standard, the use of RAP for SMA is permissible. The types, quan­tities, and requirements for RAP to be used in SMA mixes should be specified in an NAD appropriate to the intended use. RAP should be classified according to EN 13108-8 and should conform to the relevant requirements for a particular application. […]

Natural asphalt may be employed for SMA as an additive to the road binder or modi­fied binder under the following conditions: • If it conforms to the requirements of EN 13108-4, Annex B, Tables B.1 and B.2, for natural asphalts with high or low-ash contents, respectively • When natural asphalt is being incorporated in the […]

Polymer modified binders (PMBs)—which, according to EN 14023, is divided on the basis of penetration at 25°C and softening point (ring and ball)—have also been used. When a modified binder is being used to enhance a particular property of an SMA mixture, with no reference to binder features (e. g., resistance to fatigue), some additional […]

Only constituents with an established suitability are allowed to be used for SMA mixtures. The established suitability means meeting the material requirements of the following: • A European standard • A European technical approval (ETA) • A documented, positive experience with a specific kind of material in the past in which the reference documents confirm […]

The standard stipulates that each delivery ticket should furnish at least the following information: • Name of the manufacturer and mixing plant • Mix identification code • Designation of the mixture in the format SMA D binder where D is the maximum aggregate size in millimeters and binder is the binder type. For example, SMA […]

Stone mastic asphalt is defined as a gap-graded asphalt mixture that has bitumen as a binder, and is composed of a coarse crushed aggregate skeleton bound with a mastic mortar. The standard defines two types of recipes (job mix formulae [JMF]): • Input target composition—this is the determined composition of the mix­ture given through listing […]

EN 13108-5 defines the requirements for SMA mixtures for use on roads, airfields, and other trafficked areas. This standard should be read along with other standards as follows: • EN 13108-20:2006, Bituminous Mixtures—Material Specifications— Part 20: Type Testing • EN 13108-21:2006, Bituminous Mixtures— Material Specifications—Part 21: Factory Production Control • EN 12697-x, Bituminous Mixtures. Test […]

A series of European standards—designated EN 13108 and containing requirements for the design, testing, and production of asphalt mixtures—has been implemented in all member states of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It consists of 10 standards: EN 13108-1:2006, Bituminous Mixtures— Asphalt Concrete EN 13108-2:2006, Bituminous Mixtures— Asphalt Concrete for Very Thin Layers EN 13108-3:2006, […]

Colored asphalt surfacing is an aesthetically pleasing option. Colored wearing courses can also be executed with fine-graded SMAs (Blazejowski and Styk, 2000) using special synthetic (colorless) binders. Besides their aesthetic appeal, colored surfacing can also be used to mark pedestrian crossings or other safety-related features. When making colored SMA, it is important to remember to […]