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The one Figure 12-44 Examples of patterns created by combining different materials. • call attention to the ground plane, especially in areas free of furniture or other objects. • bands; lines or bands of a contrasting pattern extending through the pave­ment surface (top right, Figure 12-43). One varied pavement material can be employed to: • […]

This technique is called exposed aggregate concrete and gives the concrete surface a gravel-like appearance. • provide a utilitarian surface that can be used for almost any landscape use. • imprint patterns of other materials and elements on its surface to produce custom designs and textures (Figure 12-42). Concrete is poured in place to a […]

• establish an elevated “paved” surface that does not compact the ground or severely disrupt tree roots. Gravel • to produce a permeable pavement surface. Without an edge, gravel is a formless material that has indistinct edges that merge into surrounding areas. When as­sembled together, these pavers create spaces between individual units that should be […]

Availability Only local materials or those that are easily acquired should be used in the landscape for both budget and sustainability considerations. Nevertheless, there are circum­stances when a unique material or installation technique for a special feature and out­door space warrants inclusion. Some materials require the mining and use of scarce resources in addition to […]

The designer often uses preliminary design as an exploratory step to study different ideas, especially if alternative design solutions are prepared. But as the name itself suggests, decisions made about these key issues are open to change. The master plan is the culmination of all the designer’s efforts and is sometimes the end of the […]

Again, an ornamental shrub is used near the sitting area as an accent. In Figure 11-108, plant materials and other elements reinforce the organiza­tion of the form composition in a number of locations. In the front yard, low ever­green shrubs and ground cover along the entry walk help to define this space and separate it […]

The light-colored material could be concrete to match the stucco in color and texture, or concrete pavers with a light color. This type of grillwork can serve as an excellent structure for growing vines. The circular open­ing in the high wall provides a view into a pleasing area beyond. The central portion of the patio […]

Changes in height and openness coupled with elevational change on the ground plane make for a variety of spaces. Their heights, patterns, and character can be as varied as the walls and fences used in the design. In addition to ceilings being varied in height and in openness, it is important to use them to […]

They are made in many sizes and shapes and are often complemented with drapery or blinds for varying the degree of privacy or darkness. It can be closed when privacy is needed and opened when one wants to talk with neighbors or provide a view. panels. This example shows a stucco wall built to reflect […]

Figure 11—92 illustrates several examples of varying percentages of openness in fences that are constructed of 2 X 2 wood. The smaller the open pattern, the lower the percentage of openness in the fence. When designing walls or fences for outdoors, it is strongly suggested that the de­signer incorporate them in a variety of heights […]