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As stated before, the advantages that walls and fences have in fulfilling these functions in comparison to plant materials are that walls and fences do not take time to mature and they do not require specific environmental conditions for location. Walls and fences can fulfill the same functions as plant materials do in the vertical […]

Rather, plant masses should be composed of subgroups of numerous plants of the same species, as seen on the right side of Figure 11—56 (also see Fig­ure 9—11). ЇЬГсЛПІaЬ £ Annuals CtYF?)———————— Perennials and annuals give the landscape seasonal interest. Furthermore, a variety of plant types tends to replicate conditions similar to natural plant habitats […]

The height of these plants is also studied and proposed at this stage, allowing plants to be given labels such as “tall evergreen shrubs” or “small orna­mental tree.” The intent is to visually link (interconnect) the primary plants and to provide a composition of varied heights. It should be pointed out that specific plant names […]

Engineering uses of plant materials on a residential site include controlling erosion, directing pedestrian and vehicular circulation, and screening glare from reflective surfaces. A mass of low plants can contain people on the walk as well as reinforce the direction of movement (Figure 11—47). Controlling Erosion Plant materials can be used on steep slopes or […]

Size. Plant forms that differ from a neutral rounded form are commonly seen as accents in a design. 1. During preliminary design, many of these focal points can be established with plant materials that stand out in contrast to their surroundings due to size and form. Ornamental trees work especially well as accents based on […]

Both foliage mass and tree trunks can be used to enframe views (Figure 11-40). Plants also require proper conditions for growth. Figure 11-34 Tall shrubs can be used by themselves or in combination with other plants to enclose space. The tall shrubs can function like walls below the ceiling of the canopy overhead. Plant materials […]

Ornamental trees, such as flowering dogwoods, crab apples, and Canadian redbuds, are deciduous plants that are used particularly for their appeal of seasonal change. Plant materials are another element used in the spatial composition. Plant materials can function in a variety of ways on the residential site.[20] These functional uses can be: (1) architectural, (2) […]

Grading of the ground plane can elevate selected areas of the site to block undesirable views Figure 11-22 A combination of slopes and retaining walls can be carefully coordinated in terms of form composition. Earth mounds are sometimes graded with abrupt slopes that make the mounds look like unappealing bumps on the site (top half […]

For slopes, the incline should not exceed a rise of 1 foot vertical change for every 2 horizontal feet—referred to as a 2:1 or 50 percent slope (Figure 11-20). For curvilinear design themes, the base plane might be gently sloped and contoured with gradual transitions from one space to another (left side of Figure 11-23). […]

Too often, ramps are added as an afterthought. As the dimension of one becomes greater, Figure 11-9 Examples of ideal riser/tread relationships. Figure 11-7 Steps should be designed as integral parts of the overall design composition. A guideline that is commonly used to establish the tread and riser di­mensions is the following formula: Twice the […]