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Trench systems are the least expensive versions of special septic systems. They are comparable in many ways to a standard pipe-and-gravel bed system. The main difference between a trench system and a bed system is that the drain lines in a trench system are separated by a physical barrier. Bed systems consist of drainpipes situated […]

Chamber septic systems are used most often when the perk rate on ground is low. Soil with a rapid absorption rate can support a standard, pipe-and-gravel septic system. Clay and other types of soil may not. When bedrock is close to the ground, surface chambers are often used. What is a chamber system? A cham­ber […]

There are many types of septic tanks in use today. Pre-cast concrete tanks are, by far, the most common. However, they are not the only type of sep­tic tank available. For this reason, let’s discuss some of the material options that are available. Pre-cast concrete is the most popular type of septic tank. When this […]

Simple septic systems consist of a tank, some pipe, and some gravel. These systems are common, but they don’t work well in all types of ground. Since most plumbers are not septic installers, I will not bore you will all of the sticky details for putting a pipe-and-gravel system into operation. However, I would like […]

S eptic systems are common in rural housing locations. Many people who live outside the parameters of municipal sewers depend on septic sys­tems to solve their sewage disposal problems. Plumbers who work in areas where private waste disposal systems are common often come into con­tact with problems associated with septic systems. Ironically, plumbers are rarely […]

Piping color codes are used when utility companies stake out piping loca­tions. For example, a yellow flag generally indicates one of the following types of pipe: ■ Oil ■ Steam ■ Gas ■ Petroleum When you encounter a blue flag that indicates the location of piping be­low ground, the type of piping that you are […]

Plastic pipe for drains and vents is very common in modern plumbing. Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Pipe (PVC) is probably used more often than any other type of drainage or vent pipe (Fig. 11.26). This type of pipe is strong and resistive to a variety of acids and bases. PVC pipe can be used with wa­ter, […]

Would you like some facts about copper pipe and tubing? Well, you’re in the right place. Let’s go over some data that could serve you well in your plumb­ing endeavors. Figure 11.20 will show you some size data for copper tubing. Are you interested in size details for copper that is used for drain, waste, […]

Have you ever wondered what the capacity of a pipe was? You could do some heavy math to figure out the answer to your question, or you can look at Fig­ure 11.16 for quick solutions to your questions. WHAT IS THE DISCHARGE OF A GIVEN PIPE SIZE UNDER PRESSURE? What is the discharge of a […]

How many turns does it take to operate a double-disk valve? it depends on the size of the valve. Refer to Figure 11.14 for the answers to how many turns FIGURE 11.14 ■ The number of turns required to operate a double-disk valve. FIGURE 11.15 ■ Number of turns required to operate a metal — […]