Minecraft
[Image: Der Bergbau, courtesy of the British Museum; view larger].
Der Bergbau is a beautiful 19th-century German board game set in a mine, currently in the collection of the British Museum. They describe it as a «game-board showing a cross-section of a mine and the network of tunnels leading down from 6 buildings, along the tunnels, various numbers which represent ore.»
The rules are not given, unfortunately, but the board itself is a gorgeous image in its own right, worth viewing in full.
(Originally spotted via @SubBrit).