Library builder

In road rehabilitation, it is important to design the drainage at the same time as the other rehabilitation measures (e. g. strengthening of the structure). The designer should aim to recognise locations where poor drainage is the major cause of road damage. In cold regions the springtime is usually the best time for field studies […]

It is of great importance that the draining system is working properly, hence regular checks (e. g. Fig 13.44) and maintenance are required. Every drainage system should be designed to ensure that inspection and maintenance operations are possible and accessible. Usually, the cleaning of the drainage system should be done at the end of the […]

The tests to be performed on site, or in parts of the project, are defined in the testing plan. To verify the characteristics and behaviour of the materials to be used, samples must be taken and tests performed as specified in the contract specifications. These specifications typically define the type and frequency of the tests […]

13.7.1 Construction When construction commences it is necessary to be responsive to the geological and geotechnical conditions encountered and not to adhere to those assumed at the de­sign stage. Therefore the in-situ conditions should be carefully inspected throughout the construction process. Also, care should be taken that the construction activities do not have a deleterious […]

Some typical design details are presented in the following figures. Figure 13.40 shows the typical details for a drainage channel to be installed in the verge between the pavement and a cutting slope, Fig. 13.41 shows the likely details to be employed hard shoulder, hardstripor carriageway min. 1.20 m Fig. 13.40 Cuttings — Standard concrete […]

In order to estimate the water flow into drainage pipes, one should differentiate between the two distinct situations introduced earlier: • pipes above the water level (intersection drains); and • pipes below the water level (groundwater lowering) drains. When the drainage system is above the water level, the infiltration water from edges, channels and gutters, […]

The construction of new roads can cause impacts on the water resources of affected regions, causing irreversible effects in some cases. Surface and subterranean water resources are finite and irreplaceable natural re­sources for survival, therefore their protection against abnormal flow and against pollution is of great importance, nowadays making their preservation an indispens­able part of […]

For pavement seals the following materials are used: • asphalt layers; • stress absorption membranes (“SAMIs”) (see Fig. 13.37); and • junction sealing material. SAMIs act over an old cracked pavement surface, sealing the cracks against wa­ter ingress. They often provide a small degree of differential horizontal movement between an old and a new pavement […]

13.5.1 Sub-Soil Barriers Sealing systems can be laid during construction to prevent contaminated water from moving in an undesired direction or to keep natural groundwater separate from contaminated road runoff and road construction seepage waters. In many places in which geomembrane barriers could be placed, spillage of petroleum and diesel from vehicles is a possibility. […]

The following figures illustrate some options for treatment systems. Figure 13.29 shows a system where little or no treatment is needed. Figures 13.30 and 13.31 show situations in which progressively more treatment is provided, while Figs. 13.32 and 13.33 show situations in which “hard” treatment solutions with settlement, reten­tion and infiltration tanks are provided in […]