To recognize outstanding VE achievements and promote awareness of the importance of this program, the AASHTO Value Engineering Task Force has established national awards to be given to state transportation agencies. These awards are presented every 2 years to agencies that have shown special achievement in either cost-effectiveness or innovation. TABLE 10.4 Life Cycle Cost […]
STRETCHING CARPET
Once the carpet seams have cooled, stretch and attach the carpet to the tackless strips around the perimeter of the room, using the knee-kicker, power stretcher, and stair tool. Actually, if you must join carpet seams, you already will have used the knee-kicker to draw the carpet edges taut so the glued seam will be […]
METHODS OF CALCULATION
The concepts of annualized cost and present worth are employed in LCC. Using the annualized cost method, all costs incurred are converted to equivalent annual costs using a baseline and a specified life span. For example, initial costs would be amortized over the life cycle and include principal and interest (similar to home mortgage payments). […]
CATEGORIES OF COSTS
Costs that must be considered depend to some extent upon the system or project analyzed, but can generally be categorized as follows: 1. Initial costs a. Item costs. These are costs to produce or construct the item. b. Development costs. These are costs associated with conducting the value study, testing, building a prototype, designing, and […]
Ditch and Swale (with French Drain)
Language Item no. 1 2 3 4 5 English wearing course (bound aggregate) trench (“French”) drain ditch swale subgrade German Deckschicht Rohrdrainage Strafiengraben Mulde Untergrund Spanish capa de rodadura zanja de drenaje cuneta acequia explanada French couche de roulement tranchese drainante fosse fosse couche de forme ou sol Italian Greek strato di usura Хтрсоат K^Ko9opias […]
Did You Know
ACCORDING TO A SURVEY in Builder Magazine, Habitat for Humanity is the 15th largest house builder in the U. S. a Since its founding in 1976, Habitat for Humanity has built or rehabilitated more than 40,000 houses throughout the U. S. ^ More than 350 Habitat houses have been built by all-women crews. a According […]
Chronological Table
[1] Sanlaville (1996). [2] For a recent synthesis of the birth of agriculture and the Neolithic revolution, see the book of the prehistorian and archaeologist Jacques Cauvin, Naissance des divinites, naissance de l’agriculture, la revolution des symbols au Neolithique, revised in 1996. [3] Some have proposed that population pressure explains the exodus which clearly accompanied […]
Trench (“French”) Drain (Subsurface Drainage Only)
Language Item no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 English topsoil wearing course (bound aggregate) base course (unbound aggregate) permeable filler permeable aggregate porous drainage pipe geotextile liner cohesive subgrade soil/impermeable filler German Mutterboden Deckschicht obere Tragschicht durchlassiger Fuller durchlassiger Zuschlagstoff porose Entwasserungs- leitung Geotextileinsatz undurchlassiger Untergrund Fuller (continued) Language Item no. […]
Terminology Used for Standard Pavement and Associated Drainage Items
B.1 Introduction The purpose of this document is to show some standard designs for pavements and associated drainage items and to present the names of these in several languages. The diagrams contained within each section show the general layout only. No detail is included regarding the specifications of the materials or specific dimensions. Many of […]
Stage 1: Selecting an Aggregate
Requirements for aggregates to be used in SMA are catalogued in Chapter 5. When differences among densities of aggregates used for composing an SMA aggregate * 2.36 mm in the United States, 2.0 mm in Europe. [30] NMAS stands for nominal maximum aggregate size—a sieve one size larger than the first sieve retaining more than […]