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Form Composition. The steps of the design phase are as follows: • Functional diagrams (conceptual) • Preliminary design (general) • Master plan (specific) Functional Diagrams The first step of the design phase is the development of functional diagrams (Fig­ure 4—5). Functional diagrams are discussed in Chapter 8. The designer uses freehand diagrammatic symbols to show […]

Front yard lawn • +400 sq. If the clients agree with the proposal, they sign and return it to the designer. O’ S’ I o’ 20′ Figure 4-2 Base map. Base Map Preparation Before any design work can begin, a base map showing existing site conditions and features of the site is needed. ft. Site […]

Later chapters explain many of these steps in greater detail. On the other hand, everyone uses decision-making processes similar to the design process with­out realizing it to solve problems or plan events on a day-to-day basis. Although the focus of this book is on the research and prepa­ration phase and the design phase of the […]

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that promotes environmentally beneficial landscape design and maintenance by providing numerous guidelines and sources of informa­tion. Modeled after and in coordination with LEED, The Sustainable Sites Initiative seeks to provide landscape architects and designers with a set of tools that can guide and evaluate landscapes for their effectiveness in creating a […]

PVC plastic is also toxic if it burns. Fertilizer application is another maintenance practice that needs to be consid­ered for a healthy residential site. Water-based paints are recommended re­placements and often have similar durability over time. Other landscape construction materials have varied degrees of toxicity. Asphalt also needs regular recoating to maintain its seal and […]

plywood 4,472 Phosphatic fertilizer 32,373 PVC plastic 35,130 Sand 16 Stone 446 Every attempt should be made to reduce the quantity of materials that have a rela­tively high amount of embodied energy or to substitute salvaged and recycled materials for them. Btu/lb Copper pipe 73,100 Cut granite 2,537 Earth 172 External oil-based paint 42,962 3/4" […]

The heat generated by a fire rises along slopes and accelerates the movement of fire toward higher ground, thus making houses located on or at the top of steep slopes the most vulnerable (Figure 3—48).[15] Houses located on high points but set back from the slope are less exposed because they are not in the […]

Furthermore, improving the overall soil structure on a site can notably diminish runoff. Similarly, the water from roofs can be drained into the soil by connecting downspouts to underground perforated pipes, allowing the water to seep directly into the ground (Figure 3—45). gravel base are also porous pavements. The latter, however, are only feasible in […]

There are numerous reports about people who have become ill, sometimes se­verely so, after exposure to the chemicals applied to lawns. These grasses, such as red fescue (northern states), buffalo grass (Midwest prairie region), and California meadow sedge (West Coast), have the general appear­ance of lawn but do not require frequent mowing or watering.[14] A […]

This is a particularly useful concept in arid climate regions where any water is benefi­cial, though gray water should not be used for root or potted plants. If irriga­tion is used to supplement this, then it should be designed on the basis of different requirement zones as a means of conserving water (Figure 3-37). Lawns […]