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The horizontal alignment of a roadway should be designed to provide motorists with a facility for driving in a safe and comfortable manner. Adequate stopping sight distance should be furnished. Also, changes in direction should be accompanied by the use of curves and superelevation when appropriate in accordance with established guidelines. Some changes in alignment […]

A primary feature in the design of any roadway is the availability of adequate sight distance for the driver to make decisions while driving. In the articles that follow, the text contains conclusions based on information contained in Ref. 1. Derivation of for­mulas and references to supporting research are contained in that document and will […]

2.2.1 Design Controls Once a route has been selected for a new highway, or a decision has been made to perform major work on an existing facility, the next step is to establish the design controls. The various factors considered for design controls may be generally grouped into five categories: functional classification, traffic data, terrain, […]

During the detail design phase, various design elements are finalized and construction plans are developed. Project development in this phase can include many intermediate reviews prior to final plan submission. These may include some or all of the follow­ing, depending on the complexity of the plan: Traffic request/validation Traffic signal warrant analysis Airway-highway clearance study […]

Two types of projects are considered here: (1) projects that involve studies outside the existing corridor or where a facility for more than one alternative mode of transportation may be involved, and (2) projects where feasible alternatives are limited to the existing corridor but did not qualify to pass directly to the design phase. The […]

Once projects reach the selected lists, the next phase is project evaluation. This phase will determine which projects can advance to detail design and which will require a more detailed evaluation in preliminary development. Projects that can advance directly to design phase meet the following criteria: • No additional right-of-way (permanent or temporary) will be […]

2.1.1 Statewide Systems Planning The beginnings of any roadway project involving government money are found in a statewide transportation planning program. The state transportation department devel­ops a set of goals and objectives which take into account social, economic, environ­mental, and developmental goals of other state, federal, and local agencies. Based on these goals and objectives, […]

Larry J. Shannon, P. E. Highway Technical Manager ms Consultants Columbus, Ohio This chapter begins with a description of the overall transportation development process, and then presents comprehensive information on the various elements of high­way location and design. Included is the determination of horizontal and vertical align­ment, with attention to obtaining proper sight distance and […]

It is apparent that there are many uses of recycled materials in highway construction and related applications. Table 1.19 provides a summary of these uses for reference. 1.6.1 Recycling Hazardous Wastes Under Subtitle C of RCRA, EPA has the authority to regulate recyclable hazardous waste material. It is critical to determine the type of waste […]

It is estimated that approximately 4 lb of domestic refuse is generated every day for every person in the United States, of which about 3 lb (1.4 kg) per day goes to domestic land-fills and 11 percent is recycled. It is estimated that about 185 million tons (168 X 109 kg) of domestic waste is […]