EXPOSED RAKE WITH VERGE RAFTER
NOTE
cOORDiNATE Flashing & TRiM with gutter AND FASciA.
ExTERiOR-RATED ROOF SHEATHiNG AT ExpOSED pORTiON OF ROOF
read moreBlog Archives
RIGID-FOAM INSULATION
Light, fairly inexpensive, and easy to cut and install, rigid-foam insulation has a lot going for it. This insulation board comes in different thicknesses and sheet sizes. Depending on the manufacturer, it comes in shades of blue, green, and pink. A 1/2-in.-thick sheet is rated at R-3; a 1-in. sheet is rated at R-5.
EXTERIOR USE. Rigid foam is often used on building exteriors. In regions where there is no danger of earthquakes or hurricanes, foam sheets are frequently used in place of wall sheathing.
With this type of installation, sheets of plywood or OSB are still required at the corners of the house and every 25 ft. to provide lateral bracing for the structure; however, foam boards are used between the corner sheets and are nailed directly to the studs (see Chapter 6)...
read moreGable-roof theory
It’s also easy to determine rafter length with a calculator that has a square-root function. Knowing that a2 + b2 = c2 is the key (this is the Pythagorean theorem, the formula for finding the lengths of the sides of a right triangle). If the roof pitch is 4 (a) in 12 (b), then a2 (16) + b2 (144) = 160; the square root of 160 is 12.65. The length of the rafter (hypotenuse) for a 4-in-12 pitch roof with 1 ft. of run is 12.65 in. (see the drawing on p. 144). If the rafter runs 7 ft., for example, multiply 12.65 by 7 to get 88.55 in., or 7.379 ft. Converting the decimal to fractions gives you a rafter length of 7 ft. 414 in.
Laying out and cutting rafters
To determine the number, length (including enough for the rafter tail), and size of the rafters, you’ll need to check the plans...
read moreSQUEEZED-OUT MASTIC IN WHEEL PATHS
Fat spots in wheel paths appear at the time of SMA pavement trafficking. They are located in the paths of vehicle wheels and can run up to several hundred meters (possibly including the whole SMA wearing course of a road) (Figure 11.34).
We have to go back to the chapter on designing an SMA mixture and the volume relations taking place in it to explain causes of the appearance of such “sweating offs” of mastic in the wheel paths. Recall that some air voids for mastic are intentionally left in a compacted and interlocked coarse aggregate skeleton. Additional compaction of a course under tires causes a closer arrangement of the coarse aggregate grains during trafficking...
read moreControl Heat with Mass
With the correct orientation and southfacing windows, your house can have great light and heat in winter—but it also can have the potential for overheating if you don’t balance the amount of windows in the house with the amount of mass. Thermal mass comes from materials that absorb heat, such as concrete, tile, brick and concrete
Floor mass. The floor is the easiest place to add thermal mass, which regulates temperatures all year long. This colored concrete floor is covered with a soy-based sealer and runs throughout the first level of the house. During the day, it absorbs excess heat from the south-facing windows, releasing it at night.
block, and water. However, water requires diligence to prevent algae and mold, and it is harder to incorporate into the structure of a house...
read moreImportance sampling technique
The importance sampling technique concentrates the distribution of sampling points in the part of the domain that is most “important” for the task rather than spreading them out evenly (Marshall, 1956). Refer to the problem of evaluating an integral in Eq. (6.49) by the sample-mean method. The importance sampling technique attempts to generate M sampling points to reduce the variance of G given by Eq. (6.61).
Rubinstein (1981) showed that the PDF fx(x) that minimizes Eq. (6.61) can be obtained as
|
|||
|
|
||
|
Tighten Up and Insulate the House
As I mentioned in section 2, passive cooling involves being able to control the airflow and heat moving through a house. This means stopping unwanted air infiltration by creating a tight building envelope. You can tighten up the house with good insulation, caulking all penetrations and sealing around windows and doors. Weatherstripping exterior doors and installing double-paned, argon-filled windows with low-e coatings can help as well. Put a tight-fitting damper in the chimney and a properly insulated cover over any attic access. Making your home’s envelope tight enables you to let air
|
|
in and out when you choose and to close up the house when you want.
If you can, use more insulation than local codes require, and add the sealing package that many insulators offer...
read moreFrangible Coupler Designs
Transpo Industries manufactures a series of breakaway systems for ground-mounted sign supports, marketed under the trade name Break-Safe. The Break-Safe system uses frangible couplers and is available for U-channel, both concrete footing and direct burial; 3-in to 4.5-in (75-mm to 115-mm) round pipe; 3-in to 5-in (75-mm to 127-mm) square
|
FIGURE 7.46 Weakened wooden post for multiple supports. |
|
FIGURE 7.47 Transpo Break-Safe system for back-to-back U-channel supports. (a) Concrete footing. (b) Direct burial. |
tube; and wide-flange and standard beam shapes. Schematics of Transpo Industries concrete base and the direct burial system for back-to-back U-channel are presented in Fig. 7.47. Figure 7.48 shows the Break-Safe system for square-tube and round-pipe supports [33].
The Break...
read moreTriaxial Tests – Soils
Examples of variation of resilient modulus and permanent deformations of subgrade soils with moisture content are presented in Figs. 10.15 and 10.16. Figure 10.15 presents results obtained on a clayey sand (14% fines, optimum moisture content
wOPM = 8%).
Figure 10.16 presents results obtained for a silt (85% fines, optimum moisture content wOPM = 14%). For the 2 soils, the resilient modulus (determined for two different levels of stress) decreases by a factor of 3-4 when the water content increases from wOPM — 2% to wOPM + 2% (typical in-situ moisture contents). For the same change, the permanent axial strains (determined after 200 000 load cycles with cyclic stresses p = 26 kPa and q = 80 kPa) increase considerably.
Brull (1983) performed triaxial tests on 2 different soils, a loam (f...
read moreMULTIPLE-SIGN-MOUNT INSTALLATION
Multimount sign supports have two or more support posts of breakaway design. The breakaway mechanism is either a fracture or a slip base type. Fracture mechanisms consist of frangible couplers or frangible one-piece posts.
7.8.1 One-Piece Multiple-Mount Sign Supports
Direct burial assemblies that are approved for use include dual 3-lb/ft (4.5-kg/m) U-channel and dual 4-in X 4-in (90-mm X 90-mm) wooden posts that have been modified with two 1.5-in (38-mm) holes placed at 4 and 18 in (100 and 450 mm) above the ground line. Other than these exceptions, multiple-mount sign supports require the use of anchor pieces, sleeves, slip bases, or frangible couplings for acceptable impact performance. Only those devices approved for use by the FHWA should be used for multiple-mount supports...
read more