Articles about the repair, construction, interior design and landscaping, plumbing, electrical, waterproof wire, wire gas, building materials, construction machinery and equipment ...
Articles about the repair, construction, interior design and landscaping, plumbing, electrical, waterproof wire, wire gas, building materials, construction machinery and equipment ...
Articles about the repair, construction, interior design and landscaping, plumbing, electrical, waterproof wire, wire gas, building materials, construction machinery and equipment ...
Articles about the repair, construction, interior design and landscaping, plumbing, electrical, waterproof wire, wire gas, building materials, construction machinery and equipment ...
![Подпись: ]](/img/1312/image1451.png "DRY-SET EXTERIOR STEPS"){kind=small}
Dry-set concrete paver steps, like dry-set brick steps, are supported on a bed of compacted gravel on the ground and are laid dry without concrete or mortar. Because of their size, large pavers like the ones shown here are more stable than bricks. For this reason, paver stairs may be constructed without containment at the riser; some paver stairs are even constructed without
containment at the sides.
16-IN.
CONCRETE
PAVER
paver projects over riser about 1 IN.
-cl
Щщт
compacted rock base or self-compacting pea gravel
Most paver stairs are contained at the sides with walls or stringers, as shown below.
Concrete steps are durable and can be reasonably inexpensive, especially if they are built along with other concrete work...
read moreProblems with a leach field are uncommon among new installations. Unless the field was poorly designed or installed improperly, there is very little reason why it should fail. However, extremely wet ground conditions, due to heavy or constant rains, could force a field to become saturated. If the field saturates with ground water, it cannot accept the effluent from a septic tank. This, in turn, causes backups in houses. When this is the case, the person who created the septic design should be looked to in terms of fault.
Older fields sometimes clog up and fail. Some drain fields become clogged with solids. Financially, this is a devastating discovery. A clogged field has to be dug up and replaced...
read more[1] Annex C contains a Glossary of terms that may be unfamiliar to some readers.
[2] The terms permeability and hydraulic conductivity are both used to mean the ease with which water travels through saturated, porous media. In this book the term permeability is used preferentially. In particular the ‘coefficient of hydraulic conductivity’ and the term ‘coefficient of permeability’ are identical and given the symbol K.
[3] Co-ordinating Author:
23 S. Erlingsson
Haskoli Islands/University of Iceland, Iceland & Statens vag-och transportforskningsinstitut/ Swedish National Road and Transport Institute, Sweden e-mail: sigger@hi. is
A. R. Dawson (ed.), Water in Road Structures, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8562-8_2, © Springer Science+Business Media B. V. 2009
[4] Co-ordinating Author:
23 ...
read moreIf possible, use a single strip of carpet on stairs, eliminating seams. Stair padding can be many pieces because it will be covered by carpet. For the best-looking job, carpet pile on treads should slant toward you as you ascend the stairs. On risers, the pile should, therefore, point down. If you use several pieces of carpet on the stairs, for durability and appearance, carpet seams should always meet in riser-tread joints.
Estimating and ordering. First, determine the width of the runner. On closed stairs (which have walls on both sides), carpeting usually runs from wall to wall. On open stairs (with balusters on one or both sides), carpeting should run to the base of the balusters. In either case, each side of the carpet should be tucked under 1J4 in...
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pan tables, like the one in Appendix A, will serve for roof design with most structures. With heavy roofs, such as earth roofs, adequate tables are very hard to find. This Appendix shows how to check the girders and rafters in a heavy roof design for shear and bending. Once you have followed through the example, and understand where all the numbers have come from, you should be able to use the formulas and procedures to check other rectilinear designs. Two other books with good information about calculating beam strength are A Timber Framer’s Workshop and Homing Instinct, both listed in Appendix C.
Using this Appendix requires familiarity with basic algebra, specifically the ability to substitute numbers for letters in a formula, and to solve for a single unknown...
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