Blog Archives

DRINKING FOUNTAINS

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

Drinking fountains installed for handicap use shall be installed so that the spout is no more than 36 inches above the finished floor. The spout must be located in the front of the fountain. It is required that the flow of water from the spout shall rise at least 4 inches. Controls for operating the fountain may be mounted on front of the fountain or to the side, so long as the control is side-mounted near the front of the fountain. All handicap fountains require a minimum clear space of 30 inches in front of the fixture. The measurement is made from the front of the unit by 48 inches wide. If a fountain protrudes from a wall, the clear space may be reduced from a width of 48 inches to a width of 30 inches. Handicap fixtures require more attention than standard fixtures...

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Warranting Conditions

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

The potential traffic safety benefits of lighting are due to an increase in driver comfort and confidence resulting from enhanced vision. This reduces driving stress and tension, increases roadway capacity, and reduces the potential for traffic accidents. The eco­nomic return of roadway lighting is greatest in urban and suburban areas with high traffic volumes. Rural locations can also benefit from full, or partial, lighting of decision points such as at isolated intersections, on – or off-ramps, and ramp terminals [3]. For some lighting applications there are warranting criteria that can be used to help determine when lighting should be installed.

Warranting conditions are based on minimum conditions which signify that providing lighting would be beneficial...

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Types of Water Purification Systems

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

We recommend a whole-house water puri­fication system as an essential feature of the healthy home for most locations. Choosing the proper system will depend on several fac­tors including location, budget, water use, and taste preference. No single filtration medium can remove all contaminants from all water.

Because water quality and individual needs vary, no single combination of systems will provide a universal solution.

Choosing a system can be a complex and confusing process. The average homeowner typically does not know the right questions to ask in order to get accurate information...

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Reflective Cracking

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

Reflective cracking is a well-known weak point of semirigid pavements. It advances upward from a rigid base through the asphalt layers. Various techniques for coun­tering reflective cracking (e. g., Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer (SAMI) and Stress Absorbing Membranes (SAM) membranes, geogrids) have been used. But their effect usually comes down to more or less effectively slowing the growth of cracking, not preventing it from occurring. Asphalt courses with increased crack resistance are characterized by considerable shear and tensile strength. These properties may be achieved through the appropriate selection of the gradation of an aggregate mix, the type of binder and possibly the mastic strengthening additives.

12.2.3 Test Methods for Crack Resistance

Different methods for testin...

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PROnP

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

Tape dispensers hold paper or mesh tape and clip to your belt, so your tape is always ready to roll. Bigger dispensers hold a 500-ft. roll.

image7371111

image738Подпись: Adjust your screw gun so that it sets screws just below the surface of the drywall.

Finally, tape up sheet plastic to isolate the rooms you’re sanding, especially if you’re living in the house. Painter’s tape will do the least dam­age to trim finishes and paint.

MATERIALS

This chapter began with sizes and types of dry – wall. Now let’s look at screws, joint tape, corner beads, and joint compound before planning and estimating supplies.

Drywall screws have all but replaced nails.

Here are the three principal types:

► Type-W screws have a coarse thread that grips wood well. They should be long enough to penetrate framing at least 58 in. In double­layer installations (two h-in. panels), use type-W screws at least 1 /4 in. long.

►...

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Installing gable-end studs

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

Gable-end studs come built into gable trusses, but they have to be cut and fitted on the job site when building a conventional roof so that exterior wall coverings can be nailed on. Often, a 14-in.-wide vent is placed in the gable ends. To accommodate this vent (or other opening), measure over half the distance of the rough opening from the center of the ridge board and mark this distance on a gable-end rafter. Measuring down from this point to the plate gives you the length of the longest gable-end stud.

Notches cut to receive 2x lookout

 

Gable-end

rafters

 

Ridge board

 

Barge

rafters

 

2×4 lookouts 32 in. o. c.

 

The 2×4 lookouts that support the barge boards are fitted into notches cut in the gable-end rafters...

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CRACK RESISTANCE

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

Low temperature cracking and reflective cracking will be discussed next. More infor­mation on the theory and origin of cracking can be found in the literature (Arand, 1996; Jacobs et al., 1996; Rigo, 1993).

12.2.1 Low Temperature Cracking

Low temperature cracking induced by a drop in temperature has been well-documented (e. g., Fabb, 1973; Isacsson et al., 1997; Marasteanu et al., 2004; Tuckett et al., 1969). Cracking of an asphalt course appears when the thermal stress, which increases with a drop in the temperature, exceeds the mixture’s tensile strength. It originates at the surface of the wearing course and advances downward.

An overview of factors influencing the development of low temperature cracking has been presented in the literature (Isacsson et al., 1997)...

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Finish Surfaces

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

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People have Idings since

prehistoric times. Archaeologists have unearthed plaster walls and floors dating to 6000 B. C. in Mesopotamia. And the hieroglyphics of early Egypt were painted on plaster walls. In North America, plaster had been the preferred wall and ceiling surface until after World War II, when drywall entered the building boom. Although drywall represents a historic shift in building technology, the shift was more one of evolution than revolution because drywall’s core material is gypsum rock—the same material used since ancient times to make plaster.

Drywall

Sometimes called Sheetrock® after a popular brand, drywall consists of 4-ft.-wide panels that are screwed or nailed to ceiling joists and wall studs...

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ENERGY-SAVING TIPS

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

While you’re thinking about insulation and ventilation, you should also pay attention to a few other details that relate to energy conservation. Taken together, these small improve­ments can make a big difference in how well your house works.

■ Locate the water heater near the kitchen and bathroom.

This avoids long runs of pipe that increase plumbing costs and dissipate heat between the water heater and the faucets or showerheads.

■ In cold climates, keep water-supply lines out of exterior walls.

■ Use an insulated wrap for the water heater. New water heaters typically come with built-in insulation, which helps keep your energy costs low. Another money saver is water heaters that come with timers. This allows you to activate the unit during specific times of day when heated water

is neede...

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Test Results

Posted by on 22/ 11/ 15

Rutting resistance is one of the most widely tested properties of asphalt mixes, including SMA, and various methods of testing are conducted all over the world.

The impact of side support during creep tests of SMA and AC have been com­pared in Swedish research (Said et al., 2000). Results have explicitly shown the great significance of that feature to SMA, while the results from testing AC with and without side support have not changed considerably (Figure 12.3). Other research (Ulmgren, 1996) on the comparison of the dynamic creep test (RLAT 100/100 mm) and the modified one (IRLAT 100/150 mm) with the results of a wheel-tracking test have demonstrated a very good relationship between IRLAT and the wheel-tracking test, with R = 0...

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