Water and Soil Sampling Procedures

7.4.1 Introduction

The procedure for sampling is primarily influenced by the source of the water (e. g. in a borehole, in a pipe) and by the equipment available with which to sample it. The equipment, itself, is largely controlled by the sampling location. Once collected by the sampling device, water samples must be quickly processed before changes in make-up occur due to various physical and biological processes. The following sections discuss the collection and immediate treatment of surface and sub-surface waters and of soil. They provide a general overview of the techniques and pro­cedures for application in pavements and the ground around highways. There is insufficient space to cover all aspects of sampling techniques and practice, so inter­ested readers are directed to other texts where these aspects are fully described. In particular, reference may be made to the following sources : [18]