Library builder

Jose Santinho Faisca[28], Jose Baena, Susanne Baltzer, Beata Gajewska, Antero Nousiainen, Ake Hermansson, SigurOur Erlingsson, Mihael Brencic and Andrew Dawson Abstract This chapter sets out the requirements, possible problems concerning sur­face and subsurface water flow for pavements and offers some technical solutions to control these waters. It presents the general principles for the design and […]

The implementation of mitigation and prevention measures from roads and road traffic should follow the pollutant fate in the environment. Before planning and designing of protection against pollutants from road and road traffic, a conceptual model of the pollutant fate in the particular environment should be established. This should help to estimate potential risks and […]

During the planning, construction, operation and maintenance of roads, economics plays an important role with pollution mitigation measures providing constraints that have a significant influence on the final cost of the road and its operation. Water protection measurements can represent an important proportion of the total road cost. For example, in Slovenia (a country in […]

The structure of the traffic greatly influences the road run-off pollution load. As a general rule, pollution on low-density roads is smaller than on high-density roads. However, the relation between pollution and traffic density is not linear and it is very difficult to predict the run-off pollution from road traffic characteristics, al­though these characteristics have […]

Pollutant emissions from roads and traffic present risks and hazards to water bodies where roads are in their recharge area or when they are in direct contact with road environment. Risk is defined as the probability that a particular adverse event will occur during a stated period of time, or it results from a particular […]

12.3.1 Consideration of Site Sensitivity and Vulnerability Analysis of the natural conditions of a road course is usually the second stage in the planning of the road construction where the first stage is defined by legislation and socio-economic factors. The protection level of the water and water environment from road influences depends on factors that […]

The level of pollution originating form roads depends on several factors that can also have an influence on pollution mitigation and prevention. These factors can be divided into two general groups: • natural factors that depend on the environmental characteristics of the road’s surroundings; and • technical factors that are connected with road design, construction […]

Mihael Brencic% Andrew Dawson, Lennart Folkeson, Denis Francois and Teresa Leitao Abstract There is often a risk of pollution entering or moving in the road environ­ment. This may give rise to problems of various severities dependant on the local environment around and under the pavement. Therefore the risks have, first, to be assessed and then […]

The transport model of pollutant leaching from the secondary road construction material was developed by the Environmental Research Group from the University of New Hampshire, USA (Apul et al., 2003). Water flow in a Minnesota highway embankment was modelled in one dimension for several rain events and calibrated to the field condition (Fig. 11.20). The […]

A first series of ORNI calculations was performed considering only the rutting of the UGM layer, and assuming different temperatures in the bituminous wearing course (between 15° and 35°, corresponding approximately to the range of temperatures measured in-situ). The results are presented on Fig. 11.18. It can be seen that the temperature in the bituminous […]