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Sampling can aim at documenting contaminant concentrations and fluxes during and after storm events (or other rain or snow melt), at mirroring the load and flux of contaminants over an extended period of time, or at characterizing an accidental discharge. Road runoff presents specific characteristics that change significantly from place to place, depending on site […]

7.4.1 Introduction The procedure for sampling is primarily influenced by the source of the water (e. g. in a borehole, in a pipe) and by the equipment available with which to sample it. The equipment, itself, is largely controlled by the sampling location. Once collected by the sampling device, water samples must be quickly processed […]

In establishing a monitoring programme and data collection schedule, the following points will need addressing. This is not a comprehensive list for every eventuality, but most monitoring programmes will need to consider this list as a minimum: • The equipment, skills, storage and transportation facilities (and, if required, power to the site): о Sampling, transport […]

An appropriate database / record keeping system must be provided (or constituted): • To hold the data. • To have data extracted/interpreted in a manner that has meaning. There is no point in collecting data that cannot be successfully accessed. • To allow it to be interrogated in a way that permits the likely users […]

7.2.1 Data Collection It is a general rule that data must always be collected with a specific purpose in mind. This rule is as much true concerning contaminant levels in soils and groundwaters as it is in any other field. Therefore, before any sampling regime is contemplated and before any specimens are analysed, it is […]

Teresa Leitao*, Andrew Dawson*, Torleif Bakken, Mihael Brencic, Lennart Folkeson, Denis Francois, Petra Kunmska, Roman LiCbinsky and Martin Vojtesek Abstract This chapter presents a general overview of procedures and methods for sampling and analysis of contaminants in water and soil in the road environment. The chapter concerns the water and seepage in road structures under […]

Road-related pollution sources include traffic and cargo, pavement and embank­ment materials, road equipment, maintenance and operation, and external sources. Road and traffic pollutants having received the greatest attention include heavy met­als (e. g. from vehicle corrosion, cargo spills and road equipment), hydrocarbons (from fuels, lubricants and bitumen), nutrients (generated from motor exhausts), particulates (from pavement […]

Across Europe, the legislation on the influence of road and road traffic on water and water bodies and associated ecosystems is wide and complex. European legislation in general prohibits water pollution and limits influences on the water biotopes. These general rules are transferred into national legislation in very different ways. Realization of these rules depends […]

Once having entered the road area, pollutants may start their transport to other ecosystem compartments. Any ecosystem compartment that may be affected by a pollutant can be considered a target. The pollutants will not be permanently trapped at these destinations but may stay there for a prolonged period of time. Pollutants in the solid and […]

Usually, roadside soils are or become covered by vegetation. Especially where the plant cover is large or the vegetation dense, the vegetation as a physical body influ­ences the air-borne transport of pollutants from the road and traffic to the surrounding environment. Usually, however, the vegetationis kept low by mowing andbushcutting. To some extent, pollutants deposited […]