The following descriptions of facility types and area classifications are used to describe the warranting conditions and design needs of roadway lighting.
7.15.1 Roadway, Pedestrian Walkway, and Bikeway Classifications [3, 6]
• Freeway. A divided major roadway with full control of access (no crossings at grade). This definition applies to toll as well as nontoll roads.
• Freeway A: Roadways with greater visual complexity and high traffic volumes. Usually this type of freeway will be found in major metropolitan areas in or near the central core and will operate through some of the early evening hours of darkness at or near design capacity.
• Freeway B: All other divided roadways with full control of access.
• Expressway. A divided major arterial highway for through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with interchanges at major crossroads. Parkways are expressways for noncommercial traffic within parks and parklike areas.
• Major. That part of the roadway system that serves as the principal network for through-traffic flow. These routes connect areas of principal traffic generation and important rural roadways leaving the city. These routes are often referred to as arte- rials, throughfares, or preferentials and are sometimes subdivided into primary and secondary, but these distinctions do not affect the roadway lighting.
• Collector. Roadways serving traffic between major and local streets. These are streets used mainly for traffic movements within residential, commercial, and industrial areas. They do not handle long through trips. Collector streets may be used for truck or bus movements and give direct service to abutting properties.
• Local. Roadways used primarily for direct access to residential, commercial, industrial, or other abutting property. They do not include roadways carrying through traffic. Long local roadways will generally be divided into short sections by collector roadway systems.
• Roundabout. A circular intersection with yield control of all entering traffic, channelized approaches, counterclockwise circulation, and appropriate geometric curvature to ensure that travel speeds on the circulatory roadway are typically less than 30 mi/h (50 km/h) [20].
• Alleys. A narrow public way within a block, generally used for vehicular access to the rear of abutting properties.
• Sidewalks. Paved or otherwise improved areas for pedestrian use, located within public street rights-of-way that also contain roadways for vehicular traffic.
• Pedestrian ways. Public sidewalks for pedestrian traffic generally not within rights-of-way for vehicular traffic roadways. Included are skywalks (pedestrian overpasses), subwalks (pedestrian tunnels), walkways giving access to park or block interiors, and crossings near centers of long blocks.
• Bicycle lanes. Any facility that explicitly provides for bicycle travel.
