Physical and Chemical Characteristics

A Healthy. House

This section describes how the material be­haves. The information is useful for the design of ventilation systems and for providing ade­quate equipment and procedures for fire and spill containment.

• Vapor pressure tells you how much vapor the material may give off. A high vapor pressure indicates that a liquid will easily evaporate.

• Vapor density refers to the weight of the pure gaseous form of the material in rela­tion to air. The weight of a given volume of a vapor (with no air present) is compared with the weight of an equal volume of air.

• Specific gravity tells you how heavy the material is compared to water and whether it will float or sink.

• Evaporation rate refers to the rate at which a material changes from a liquid or solid state to its gaseous form.

• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pro­vide you with an idea of the degree to which the substance will outgas. If the ma­terial is toxic, the degree of volatility would be important to consider.

• Water reactivity indicates whether the chemical reacts with water to release a gas that is flammable or presents a health haz­ard.

• Appearance and odor indicate how a prod­uct is supposed to look and smell. For ex­ample, if the product is supposed to be clear and odorless but arrives onsite with

Section III — Physical Characteristics

Boiling Range:

>369°F

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.):

125mm Hg @ 100° F

Specific Gravity (H20=1):

1.1 -1.3

Vapor Density (Air = 1):

> 1

% Volatile (Volume):

< 1%

Evaporation Rate (BuAc = 1):

> 1

Volatile Organic Content (VOC):

3.8 Ib./gal.

Solubility

(specify solvents):

Miscible in water, alcohol, acetone, some glycol ethers; insoluble in petro­leum hydrocarbons

Appearance and Odor:

Clear, odorless liquid

NOTE: In the above M5DS, the evaporation rate is compared with the evaporation rate for butyl acetate. With this particular product, the evaporation rate is less than that for butyl acetate.

Product #2 TABLE 1.6

Section III — Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Boiling Point:

HCFC-22

-41.4° F at 1 ATM

Polyurethane resin

NE

Vapor Pressure:

HCFC-22

136 psia at 70° F

Vapor Density (AIR = 1):

HCFC-22

2.98 at 1 ATM

Specific Gravity (H20=1):

Polyurethane resin

1.1

Solubility in Water:

Insoluble, reacts with water

Appearance and Odor:

Gel under pressure. Faint ether-like odor.

NOTE: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons, or HCFCs, are fluorinated carbons that are harmful to the ozone layer.

Product # 1 TABLE 1.7

Section IV — Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point (Method Used):

Nonflammable

Flammable Limits (% in air):

Nonflammable

Extinguishing Media:

Nonflammable

Special Fire Fighting Procedures:

Nonflammable

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards:

None known

Reactivity:

Stable

Conditions to Avoid:

Avoid extreme heat

Hazardous Polymerization:

May Not Occur

Conditions to Avoid:

None known

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid):

None known

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts:

None known

Section IV — Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point:

Polyurethane Resin >400° F

Extinguishing Media:

Water fog, foam, C02, or dry chemical

Fire Fighting Procedure:

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and turnout gear. Hazardous decom­position products include CO, C02, NO, and traces of HCI. Cured foam: Wear self — contained breathing apparatus. Hazardous decomposition products include CO, C02, NO, and traces of HCI.

Usual Hazards:

Temperatures above 120° F will increase the pressure in the can, which may lead to rupturing. Cured foam:This product will burn. Do not expose to heat, sparks, or open flame. This product is not intended for use in applications above 250° F (121° C). Always protect foam with approved facings. This product is not a FIRE STOP or FIRE BARRIER penetration sealant.

Section V — Reactivity Data

Stability:

Stable under normal storage and handling conditions. Do not store above 120° F. Cured foam will deteriorate when exposed to UV light.

Incompatibility:

Water, alcohols, strong bases, finely powdered metal such as aluminum, magne­sium, or zinc, and strong oxidizers.

Conditions/Hazards to Avoid:

Contamination with water may form C02. Avoid high heat, i. e., flames, extreme­ly hot metal surfaces, heating elements, combustion engines, etc. Do not store in auto or direct sunlight.

Подпись: an acrid smell and/or appears cloudy, the product may be contaminated. Fire and Explosion Hazard Data The flash point tells you the minimum tem-perature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable vapor to ignite. Obviously, the more stable the product, the safer it will be. Reactivity Hazard Data This section can provide you with clues regarding the toxicity of a product. Product #1 is stable (not reactive), with no incompatibility with other products and without hazardous decomposition or byproducts. Product #2 is unstable when exposed to ultraviolet light and high heat and is incom-patible with many substances. Подпись: Health Hazard Data This section provides useful information that will help you determine the toxicity of the product in question. Examining the health hazard section for Product # і would provide reassurance. The product appears to be only an irritant, with no known long-term health effects. (Of course, an edible product would be the ultimate assurance of product safety!) In contrast, the information below on Product #2 is not at all reassuring. This product is known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. It also may cause irreversible asthma, allergies, and other damage to the immune system. Although this product volatilizes quickly, workers who install it are exposed to extreme health hazards.

Подпись: Safe Handling Precautions and Leak Procedures This section offers more clues regarding the safety of the product. The fewer the precautions given, the more reassuring the information. Control and Preventive Measures This section lists the personal protective equip-ment that must be used, the type of ventilation to be used, and precautions to be taken when using the material for its intended purpose. Product #1 requires no special protective Подпись: clothing or equipment, which is an indication of product safety. For Product #2, good ventilation and pro-tective clothing over the entire body, including a face shield or goggles, are necessary. The above MSDS examples demonstrate that the information supplied in the MSDS, although incomplete, is nevertheless useful. An MSDS allows you to obtain a general impression about the level of toxicity of many products you may consider using in home construction.

Product #1 TABLE 1.9

Section V — Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry:

Eye contact, inhalation, ingestion

Acute Health Effects:

Eye contact: May cause redness or irritation

Inhalation:

N/A In sufficient doses may cause gastrointestinal irritation

Skin contact:

N/A

Chronic Health Effects:

Not listed as a carcinogen by the NTP, IARC, or OSHA; no adverse long­term effects are known.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure:

No adverse long-term effects are known.

Emergency & First Aid:

Eye contact: Wash with clean water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists, get medical attention.

Inhalation:

N/A

Ingestion:

if irritation persists, get medical attention.

Skin contact:

N/A

Product #2 TABLE 1.10

Section VI —- Health Hazard Data

Toxicology Test Data:

MDI:

Rat, 4 hr inhalation LC 50 — Aerosol 490 mg/m3 — highly toxic

Rat, 4 hr inhalation LC 50 — Vapor 11 mg/l — toxic

Rat, oral LD 50 — > 10,000 mg/kg — practically nontoxic

Rat, inhalation oncogenicity study — @ ~0.2,1, 6 mg/m3; URT irritant; carcinogenic @ 6 mg/m3

HCFC-22:

Rat, 2 hr inhalation LC 50 — 200,000 ppm

Section VI — Health Hazard Data

Acute

Overexposure

Effects:

Eye contact with MDI may result in conjunctival irritation and mild corneal opacity.

Skin contact may result in dermatitis, either irritative or allergic. Inhalation of MDI vapors may cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, or trachea, breathlessness, chest discomfort, difficult breathing, and reduced pulmonary function. Airborne overexposure well above the PEL may result additionally in eye irritation, headache, chemical bronchitis, asthma-like findings, or pulmonary edema. Isocyanates have also been reported to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which is characterized by flu-like symptoms, the onset of which may be delayed. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

HCFC-22 vapor is irritating to eyes. Liquid is irritating to eyes and may cause tissues to freeze. Contact of liquid with skin may cause tissue to freeze (frostbite). Dense vapor displaces breathing air in confined or unventilated areas. Inhaling concentrated vapors can cause drowsiness, unconsciousness, respiratory depression, and death due to asphyxiation. This compound also increases the sensitivity of the heart to adrenalin, possibly resulting in rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), irregular heartbeat (cardiac arrhyth­mias), and depression of cardiac function. Persons with preexisting heart disease may be at increased risk from exposure.

Polyurethane resin forms a quick bond with skin. Cured foam is hard to remove from skin. May cause eye damage.

Chronic

Overexposure

Effects:

Acute or chronic overexposure to isocyanates may cause sensitization in some indi­viduals, resulting in allergic symptoms of the lower respiratory tract (asthma-Пке), in­cluding wheezing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. Subsequent reactions may occur at or substantially below the PEL and TLV. Asthma caused by isocyanates, including MDI, may persist in some individuals after removal from exposure and may be irreversible. Some isocyanate-sensitized persons may experience asthma reactions upon exposure to nonisocyanate-containing dusts or irritants. Cross-sensitization to different isocyanates may occur. Long-term overexposure to isocyanates has also been reported to cause lung damage, including reduced lung function, which may be permanent. An animal study indicated that MDI may induce respiratory hypersensitiv­ity following dermal exposure.

Carcinogenicity:

Results from a lifetime inhalation study in rats indicate that MDI aerosol was carcino­genic at 6 mg/m3, the highest dose tested. This is well above the recommended TLV of 5 ppb (0.05 mg/m3). Only irritation was noted at the lower concentration of 0.2 and 1 mg/m3.

Lifetime exposure of rats to 5% HCFC-22 in air resulted in a slightly higher incidence of fibrosarcomas (a malignant connective tissue tumor) in male rats compared to controls. Some of these tumors involved the salivary glands. This effect was not seen in female rats at the same dose level or in rats of either sex at the lower dose level of 1%. Rats given HCFC-22 orally also showed no increased incidence of tumors. In addition, mice exposed to 5 and 1 % HCFC-22 in a similar fashion showed no increased incidence of tumors. Spontaneously occurring fibrosarcomas are not uncommon in aging rats and the increase seen in male rats may have been due to a weak tumor-promoting effect or other nonspecific effect (stress, etc.) of HCFC-22.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Section VII — Special Protection Data

Respiratory Protection:

None normally required

Ventilation:

None normally required

Protective Gloves:

None normally required

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment:

None normally required

Section VIII — Storage and Handling Data

Precautions to be taken in handling and usage:

Store in original container; keep tightly closed. Do not reuse container for other purposes.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Other precautions:

Read and observe all precautions on product label.

Product # 2 TABLE 1.14

Section VIII — Personal Protection

Respiratory protection:

None required if in well-ventilated area.

Clothing:

Wear gloves, coveralls, long-sleeved shirt, and head covering to avoid skin contact. Contaminated equipment or clothing should be cleaned after each use or disposed of.

Eye protection:

Wear face shield, goggles, or safety glasses.

Ventilation:

If ventilation is not enough to maintain PEL, exhaust area.

General Cleanup

Household cleaning products are among the most toxic substances we encounter on a daily basis. It isironic that our efforts to clean up often produce further contamination by spreading noxious fumes throughout the house. More­over, these products end up down the drain, where they pollute air, soil, and water.

Most commercial cleaning products are made from synthetic chemicals derived from crude oil. Labeling laws and the Trade Secrets Act make it difficult to know exactly what is in any particular product. The product may con­tain highly toxic substances, but consumers have no way of knowing. Some of the harmful ingredients found in commercial cleaning products include phenol, toluene, naphtha­lene, pentachlorophenol, xylene, trichloro­ethylene, formaldehyde, benzene, perchloreth — ylene, other petroleum distillates, chlorinated substances, ethanol, fluorescent brighteners, artificial dyes, detergents, aerosol propellants, and artificial fragrances.

Commercial Cleaning Products

Professional strength formulas, which are even more dangerous than household clean­ing products, are often used when residential construction cleanup is contracted out to j ani — torial service providers.

Green Seal is an independent nonprofit organization that has created environmental

CASE STUDY 1.2



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Updated: 13 ноября, 2015 — 6:39 пп